Unit 2 Flashcards
(32 cards)
What is the cytoplasm?
The cytoplasm consists of cytosol (cell fluid) and organelles (specialised structures that carry out metabolic activities of a cell. The cytoplasm is about 90% water.
What is a longitudinal section?
Where a thin section of a plant is cut lengthwise.
What is a transverse section?
Where a thin section is cut across a plant (like a cross-section).
What are sections?
Thin slices of something.
What structures do the cytoplasms of all cells contain?
Ribosomes on rough endoplasmic reticulum and vesicles.
What do all cells except prokaryotes contain?
Almost all cells except for prokaryotes contain mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum.
What occurs in mitochondria?
Aerobic respiration.
What do cells with high rates of metabolism require?
They require many mitochondria.
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
To contain and support organelles.
What are the functions of the cell membrane?
To prevent the cell contents from escaping and to control what substances enter and leave the cell.
What are the functions of the cell nucleus?
To control cell division, cell development and cell activities.
What are the functions of the cell walls in plant cells?
To help the plant keep its shape, to prevent plant cells from bursting and to allow salts and water to pass through.
What are the functions of vacuoles in plant cells?
To store salts and sugars and help keep plant cells firm.
What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
To trap light energy.
What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum do?
It is an organelle which produces, transports and stores proteins.
What do ribosomes do?
They build up proteins (protein synthesis).
Where can ribosomes be found in a cell?
They can be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm.
What are mitochondria?
Organelles which produce energy from respiration.
What is tissue?
A group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared function.
What is an organ?
An organ is a structure made up of a group of tissues, working together to perform a specific function.
What is an organ system?
An organ system is a group of organs with related functions, working together to perform a body function.
What do ciliated cells do?
They form the lining of the nose and windpipe and create a stream of fluid (mucus) which carries dust and bacteria through the bronchi and trachea, away from the lungs.
How do ciliated cells structure relate to their function?
Ciliated cells have cilia which are in continual flicking movement, this creates a stream of mucus which carries dust and bacteria away from the lungs.
What do root hair cells do?
They absorb water and mineral salts from the soil, the cell membrane can also regulate what dissolved substances enter the cell.
