Unit 2 Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is physical activity?
-Habitual
- movement of the body by skeletal muscle
- results in increase of energy expenditure
What is exercise?
-planned/structured
- Movement of body by skeletal muscle
- results in increase of energy expenditure
- leisure time activity
What control are physical activity and exercise considered to be under?
-Behaviours under volitional control
What is sports psychology used for?
To enhance performance
What is exercise psychology used for?
applied to predicting exercise uptake, increasing adherence and understanding why people do or don’t exercise
Anxiety
WHO
-depression among top 2/3 leading caused of death by 2020
Weinburg and Gould (2006)
-moderate positive effects of exercise in reducing anxiety
- aerobic 30-70% maximal HR
- anaerobic 30-50%
-Larger effects of moderate intensity exercise in reducing anxiety were found for exercise durations of 30 minutes or more
Depression
Weinburg and Gould (2006)
-exercise linked to changes in depression
-effect psychotherapy
t
-larger reductions when programmes last 9 weeks or more
How much exercise should we do a week?
150 minutes
30 minutes 5 days a week
or
75 mins vigorous intensity
What is the incidence of physical activity in the UK?
19% of men and 26% of women in England are inactive
Determinants of exercise
- age
- personal and environmental factors
- motivation
Health belief model (Becker, 1974)
- engaging in exercise depends on a perception of threat to health, e.g. susceptibility to disease and seriousness of disease.
- Perceptions of severity of potential illness, as well as the costs and benefits of engaging in preventative activity are the main features of the model (Becker and Maiman, 1975).
- somewhat inconsistent in being able to predict exercise behaviour, largely because it was developed originally to predict disease rather than exercise (Weinberg and Gould 2006).
Self-efficacy
- suggests that exercise is engaged in as a result of a judgement about being able to carry out the behaviour and possessing the skills or capacity to perform the behaviour, e.g. appraisal of expected benefits and abilities.
- Self- efficacy is suggested to be a good predictor of health behaviours, including exercise.
- Increases in self-efficacy are related to increases in exercise participation (Weinberg and Gould 2006).
Theory of Reasoned Action
Fishbein and Ajzen 1975
• based on the premise that beliefs and attitudes influence the engagement and maintenance of behaviour: Intentions are the best predictor of actual behaviour.
What is attitude?
relate to a person’s tendencies to have positive or negative thoughts, feelings or actions towards a particular object, event, requirement or behaviour
Theory of planned behaviour
-Ajzen, 1985
• expanded on the Theory of Reasoned Action by arguing that intentions cannot be the sole predictors of behaviour, and that perceived behaviou ral control (perceived ability) will also affect whether or not someone engages in a particular behaviour.
Transtheoretical model (Prochaska, DiClemennte and Norcross, 1992)
- theory suggest that people progress through 6 stages of change in relation to starting and maintaining an exercise programme
- argues that people constantly cycle through the stages when engaging in some form of health promoting behavioural change
- precontemplation
- contemplation
- preparation
- action
- maintenance
- termination
Seasonal changes
=peak gym subscriptions in August, January and February
Strategies for promoting exercise adherence
- behaviour modification
- reinforcement
- cognitive behavioural
- social support
- intrinsic
