Unit 2 Flashcards by Mia Sassano

EEG

Readout of waves in brain

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X Ray pics revealing brain damage

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PET

Shows brain activity by consumption of glucose

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MRI

aligns spinning atoms of brain, pics of soft brain tissue

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FMRI

Reveals structure and functioning

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Our brain is wired by

Our experience

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Biologist psychologists

Study biological activity and psychological events

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Neuron

Basic building block of nervous system

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Neurons carry incoming information from sensory receptors to the brain and spinal

Sensory neurons

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Neurons that carry outgoing information from brain to spinal cord to muscles and glands

Motors neurons

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Neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally

Interneurons

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Insulates accent and speeds of process

Myelin sheath

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Action potential

Electrical charge that travels down the axon

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Not mixing, before the message held out and sent

Resting potential

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Generate electricity from chemical events…

Involves exchange of ions

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Outside axon membrane vs inside

O: positive ions
I: negative ions

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Chemical messengers

Neurotransmitters

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Meeting point between neurons

Synapse

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When action potential reaches the end of the axon…

Sends neurotransmitters

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Swelling on brainstem is…

Medulla , controls heart beat and breathing

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Brainstem parts

Medulla and pons

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Pons

Controls movement

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How do neurons work together

Neural networks, feedback strengthens connections

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Simple motor neuron response

Reflex

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What is your bodies slow chemical communication system

Endocrine

What is endocrine system

System of glands that secrete hormones

Chemical messengers that affect tissues touches the brain, influence our interest on food aggression and sex

Hormones

Adrenal glands

Release epinephrine and norepinephrine, increase heart rate ,BP, energy source

Pituitary gland

Produces hormones begins during puberty Controlled by hypothalamus Growth Main gland

Thyroid gland

Metabolism

Mimics natural chemical

Agonist

Blocks natural chemical

Antagonist

Weed allows more what

Dopamine, agonist

Cocaine

Blocks dopamine

Alcohol

Mimics gaba | Prevents glutamates from leaving

LSD

Mimics serotonin

Heroin

allows more dopamine | Agonist

Brains switchboard, all senses but smell it sends out

Thalamus

Cerebellum

Little Brain, helps judge time, emotions, and pick up sounds and textures Voluntary movements

What are the older brain structures

Cerebellum thalamus and brain stem because they’re done without conscious effort’s

Limbic system

Emotions, fear, aggression Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, amygdala, hippocampus HHAP

Amygdala

Aggression and fear, shape Altered over time

Hypothalamus

``` FFFF food Forhixation Fight flight. Monitors blood chemistry Hunger thirst body temp ```

Band of fibers are on the hemispheres. | Tell us when to release sex hormones, turn hypothalamus, pituitary gland to release hormones

Cerebral cortex

Lateral hypothalamus versus ventromedial hypothalamus

L: stimulates huger V: suppresses hunger

Hypothalamus

Pleasure , dopamine released

Worker to neurons provide nutrients

Glial cells

Speaking, muscle movements, making plans, judgment, personality

Frontal lobe

Touch sensory input as well as body position

Parietal

Occipital

Visual

Auditory, receives from opposite lobe

Temporal

Different parts of the brain are responsible for voluntary movements, send out messages

Motor cortex

Receives messages from brain from different areas

Sensory cortex

Aphasia, controls muscles in speech, control of speaking words

Broca’s area

Hearing words and understanding language

Wernickes area

Able to take visual representations and read them aloud, if damaged an individual still can read and understand language just not out loud

Angular gyrus

Permanent damages in the brain....

Neurons won’t regenerate

Neurogenesis

Formation of new neurons, happens deep in brain

Left and right hemispheres brought together by…

Corpus callosum, band of accent fibers.

Weigh effects and combination of hereditary and environment

Behavior geneticists

Environment

How we read face expressions

Threadlike made of DNA contain genes

Chromosome

Biochemical units of hereditary that will make up the chromosomes

Genes

Complete instruction for making an organism, consisting of all genetic material in organisms chromosome

Genome

Due to this humans are very close

DNA

What starts you up, puts you to bed

Pons

Talking

Cerebrum

Decision

Frontal

Walking

Cerebellum

Variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes

Heritability

Studies molecular structure and function of genes

Molecular genetics

Evolutionary psychologists

Focus on what makes us so much alike

Random series in gene replication

Mutations