Unit 2 AOS 1

Question 1

Physical cues

Answer 1

Physical appearance, facial expressions, and overall manner that allow us to draw conclusions about a person

Question 2

Saliency detection

Answer 2

Attention grabbing physical features that are prominent or disticntive

Question 3

Social categorisation

Answer 3

Grouping individuals based upon their perceived social category

Question 4

Attribute

Answer 4

Explain

Question 5

Attributions

Answer 5

Attaching meaning to behaviour by looking for a cause to explain the behaviour

Question 6

External attribution

Answer 6

Environmental factors that are external to the individual e.g location

Question 7

Internal attribution

Answer 7

Factors within someone that shape their behaviour

Question 8

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 8

Underestimating the influence of external factors and overestimating the influence of internal factors

Question 9

Attitudes

Answer 9

Learned ideas we hold about ourselves, others, objects and experiences

Question 10

Affective component

Answer 10

Feelings or emotions

Question 11

Behavioural component

Answer 11

Actions towards things

Question 12

Cognitive

Answer 12

Beliefs

Question 13

Limitation of tri-component model

Answer 13

Does not indicate the strength of an attitude

Question 14

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 14

Inconsistency between attitudes and behaviour

Question 15

Stereotypes

Answer 15

Generalised views about personal attributes or characteristics of a group of people

Question 16

How to avoid cognitive dissonance

Answer 16

Ensure attitudes line up with actions

Question 17

Heuristics

Answer 17

Mental shortcuts we use to make quicker, more efficient decisions

Question 18

Availability heuristic

Answer 18

Mental shortcut where we use the information we first think of to make a judgement

Question 19

Representative heuristic

Answer 19

Mental shortcut where we estimate the likelihood of something occurring based on how similar it is to our current knowledge and expectations

Question 20

Affect heuristic

Answer 20

Mental shortcut where decision-making is influenced by your current emotional state or mood. “Going with your gut”

Question 21

Status

Answer 21

A persons position in the hierarchy of a group

Question 22

Social power

Answer 22

The amount of influence a person can exert over another person.

Question 23

Reward

Answer 23

The ability to reward someone who complies with the desired behaviour

Question 24

Coercive

Answer 24

The ability to punish a person for failure to comply

Question 25

Legitimate

Answer 25

The acceptance of a person being a part of an established social order

Question 26

Referent

Answer 26

We refer to the person for direction, we want to be like the person. Role model.

Question 27

Expert

Answer 27

We recognise the person as an expert on a specific field based off their training and experience

Question 28

Obedience

Answer 28

Change in behaviour in response to direct command from others (usually someone of higher status)

Question 29

Conformity

Answer 29

Change in behaviour as a result of real or implied pressure from others

Question 30

Factors that affect obedience

Answer 30

Social proximity, legitimacy of authority, group pressure

Question 31

Social proximity

Answer 31

The closer you are to an authority figure, the more likely you are to obey them

Question 32

Legitimacy of authority

Answer 32

More likely to obey if the person is perceived as having legitimate power

Question 33

Group pressure

Answer 33

More likely to obey when there is little to no group resistance to the authority figure

Question 34

Group think

Answer 34

when members of the group prioritise strong bonds of the group over clear decision making

Question 35

Group shift

Answer 35

when a group discusses an issue and they adopt a more extreme position than their original one

Question 36

Cautious shift

Answer 36

occurs when the group suggests an even safer approach than an individual would have taken if acting alone.

Question 37

Risky shift

Answer 37

occurs when a group demonstrates less caution than the individual members would have if they were acting alone.

Question 38

Social comparison theory

Answer 38

The tendency to evaluate and compare ourselves to others, which influences our self image and wellbeing

Question 39

Persuasive argument theory

Answer 39

If a group favours a certain approach, the number of arguments offered to support that approach outweighs the number of arguments against that approach. As more arguments are generated, the group position tends to become more extreme.

Question 40

Social decision schemes

Answer 40

Strategies used by a group to select one out of various approaches. e.g voting

Question 41

Upward social comparision

Answer 41

Comparing ourselves to those we view as superior

Question 42

Lateral social comparison

Answer 42

Comparing ourselves to those we view as equals

Question 43

Downward social comparison

Answer 43

Comparing ourselves to those we view as inferior

Question 44

Independence

Answer 44

Resisting influence

Question 45

Anti-conformity

Answer 45

Deliberate refusal of