UNIT 2 Biological Molecules Part 2

Question 1

Are diverse compunds that do not form macromolecules

Answer 1

Lipids

Question 2

Formed by condensation, reactions are esters of fstty acids and glycerol

Answer 2

True lipids

Question 3

Are the bodys main energy reservoir

Answer 3

Triglycerides

Question 4

Are solids at room temperature due to the saturated hydrocarbon chains

Answer 4

Fats

Question 5

Are liquids at toom twmpwrature due to the high proportion of unsaturated hydrocarbon chains

Answer 5

Oils

Question 6

Such as honecomb wax are hard when warm due to esters of long chain fatty alcohols

Answer 6

Waxes

Question 7

Are complex lipids made uo of sphingosine linked through a complex polar head to one long fatty acid chain

Answer 7

Sphingolipids e.g. Sphingomyelin

Question 8

Have a phosphate base groups replacing one of the fatty acids in a triglycerides

Answer 8

Phospholipids or phosphatides

Question 9

Have similsr solubility properties as lipids but are not fatty acids or esters

Answer 9

Steriods

Question 10

A common basic structure

Answer 10

Steroid nucleus

Question 11

From droplets and bilayer that enable them to carry out several functions in

Answer 11

Lipid molecules

Question 12

For heat retention in animals and blubber in dividing mammals

Answer 12

Thermal Insulation

Question 13

Most of the proteins in living cells are the enzymes

Answer 13

Enzymes/ Biological Catalyst

Question 14

Such a change is called?

Which may be brought about by heat, pressure, acidity etc.

Answer 14

Denaturation

Question 15

Which is added to the name of the substrate or the reactoon acted upon

Answer 15

Suffix-ase

Question 16

Enzymes acting on phosphates

Answer 16

Reductases

Question 17

Enzymes are divided into main group according to the chemical reactions they perform they are as follows:

Answer 17

Axido- reudctase 
Transferas
Hydrolases
Lases
Isomerases
Ligases or Synthetase
Metabolic Pathway
Single enzyme- catalyzed reaction
Cofactors

Question 18

Bring about oxidation-reduction reactions

Answer 18

Axido-reudctase

Question 19

Affect the transfer of groups

Answer 19

Transferas

Question 20

Influence hydrolytic reaction

Answer 20

Hydrolases

Question 21

Bring about the addition or removal of a group to and from double bonds

Answer 21

Lyases

Question 22

Catalyze isomerization process

Answer 22

Isomerases

Question 23

Combine two or more molecules splitting the phosphate bonds

Answer 23

Ligases or Synthetase

Question 24

It is a sequence of chemical reactions occuring in a cell

Answer 24

Metabolic Pathway

Question 25

Maybe one of the multiple reactions in a metabolic Pathway

Answer 25

Single Enzyme- catalyzed reaction

Question 26

Many enzymes are assisted by chemical substances which may be ions or molecules

Answer 26

Cofactors

Question 27

Ion that may act as cofactors

Answer 27

Iron Manganes Zinc

Question 28

Organic molecules, acting as cofactors

Answer 28

Coenzymes

Question 29

NAD

Answer 29

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

Question 30

FAD

Answer 30

Flavin Dinucleotide

Question 31

A key portion of the enzyme and interacts with the substrate

Answer 31

Active site

Question 32

Aids the alteration of the substrate and produces the end product

Answer 32

Physical stress

Question 33

The combination when the active site interacts with the substrate

Answer 33

Enzyme-substrate complex

Question 34

Two metabolic Pathway

Answer 34

Catabolic pathways | Anabolic Pathways

Question 35

Involved the breakdown or digestion of large complex molecules. General term is Catabolism

Answer 35

Catabolic Pathways

Question 36

Involve the synthesis of large molecules, generally bu joining smaller molecules together. General term is anabolism

Answer 36

Anabolic Pathways

Question 37

Is the constructive phase that requires energy

Answer 37

Anabolism

Question 38

Destructive phase that release energy

Answer 38

Catabolism

Question 39

Is derived from sunlight

Answer 39

Energy

Question 40

Found in organic molecules represents potential energy some of which are utilized bu the plants themselves

Answer 40

Chemical Energy

Question 41

Based on the mechanism of extracting energy for their own metabolism cells and organisms are grouped into following:

Answer 41

Autotrophic | Heterotrophic

Question 42

Green plants,transform CO2 and H2O Into organic molecules through photosynthesis

Answer 42

Autotrophic

Question 43

animals, Obtain energy from different food stuffs by autotrophic organisms

Answer 43

Heterotrophic

Question 44

ATP

Answer 44

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 45

Which involves an orderly series of the enzymes controlled chemical reactions

Answer 45

Cellular respiration

Question 46

Are informational molecules that carry the code of life the blue prints for proteins thus ultimately controlling the life of a cell

Answer 46

Nucleic acid

Question 47

Two types of Nucleic Acid

Answer 47

DNA | RNA

Question 48

DNA

Answer 48

Deoxyribose Nucleic acid

Question 49

RNA

Answer 49

ribonucleic Acid

Question 50

Are chemical messengers, energy carrier and submits for nucleic acids and coenzymes

Answer 50

Nucleotides

Question 51

Nucleotides has?

Answer 51

Pentose sugar Phosphate Nitrogen base

Question 52

Double Helix

Answer 52

DNA

Question 53

Determin how a sequence of several hundreds of amino acids is to be strong together

Answer 53

Genes

Question 54

Provides the mechanism for translating DNA language into the language of protein biosynthesis

Answer 54

RNA

Question 55

The assembly bu whixh the amino acids form the polypetide chain

Answer 55

Translation