Unit 2 Bonding

Question 1

Define delocalized electron

Answer 1

A valence electron that is able to roam freely among cations in a lattice structure

Question 2

What are the metallic properties?

Answer 2

• Conductivity of electricity
• Malleable
• Ductile

Question 3

Define malleable

Answer 3

reshape under pressure

Question 4

Define ductile

Answer 4

Drawn into a thin wire

Question 5

What is a cation?

Answer 5

A positive ion

Question 6

What is an anion?

Answer 6

A negative ion

Question 7

What is an Ionic Bond?

Answer 7

A bond between a metal and a non-metal

Question 8

How do you name Ionic Compounds?

Answer 8

the ending of the compound ends in “-ide”

Question 9

What physical properties will the crystal lattice structure influence?

Answer 9

• Texture
• Melting and Boiling points
• Volatility
• Conductivity
• Solubility

Question 10

Define volatility

Answer 10

Rate of evaporation

Question 11

What is the characteristic of non-polar covalent bonds?

Answer 11

No electronegativity difference

Question 12

What is the characteristic of polar covalent bonds?

Answer 12

slight electronegativity difference (less than 1.8)

Question 13

What is the name for NO3^-

Answer 13

nitrate

Question 14

What is the name for OH^-

Answer 14

hydroxide

Question 15

What is the name for SO4^2-

Answer 15

sulfate

Question 16

What is the name for CO3^2-

Answer 16

carbonate

Question 17

What is the name for PO4^3-

Answer 17

phosphate

Question 18

What is the name for HCO3^-

Answer 18

bicarbonate/hydrogen carbonate

Question 19

What is the name for NH4^+

Answer 19

ammonium

Question 20

What is the prefix for 1?

Answer 20

mono

Question 21

What is the prefix for 2?

Answer 21

di

Question 22

What is the prefix for 3?

Answer 22

tri

Question 23

What is the prefix for 4?

Answer 23

tetra

Question 24

What is the prefix for 5?

Answer 24

penta

Question 25

What is the prefix for 6?

Answer 25

hexa

Question 26

What is the prefix for 7?

Answer 26

hepta

Question 27

What is the prefix for 8?

Answer 27

octa

Question 28

What is the prefix for 9?

Answer 28

nona

Question 29

What is the prefix for 10?

Answer 29

deca

Question 30

What is the name for H2O?

Answer 30

water

Question 31

What is the name for CH4?

Answer 31

methane

Question 32

What is the name for NH3?

Answer 32

ammonia

Question 33

What are the allotropes of Carbon?

Answer 33

- Diamond - Graphite - Buckminsterfullerene

Question 34

What are the characteristics of a diamond?

Answer 34

- one carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other carbons - Bonds are shared equally - very hard and high melting point - formed under high pressure but don't last forever

Question 35

What are the characteristics of graphite?

Answer 35

- Organized into layers of hexagonal rings - one carbon is strongly bonded to three other carbons within the layer - very weak bonds between carbons in layers above and below

Question 36

When was buckminsterfullerene discovered?

Answer 36

1985

Question 37

What are the characteristics of buckminsterfullerene?

Answer 37

Consists of 60 carbons arranged in hexagons and pentagons (similar to a soccer ball pattern)

Question 38

What new branch of science did the buckminsterfullerene lead to?

Answer 38

Nanotechnology

Question 39

What does VSEPR Theory stand for?

Answer 39

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion

Question 40

What does symbol "E" represent in the VSEPR Theory?

Answer 40

lone pair

Question 41

What does symbol "A" represent in the VSEPR Theory?

Answer 41

Central atom

Question 42

What does symbol "B" represent in the VSEPR Theory?

Answer 42

Bonded atoms

Question 43

State the shape and the bond angle for the formula AB(E)n

Answer 43

Shape: Linear | Bond angle: N/A

Question 44

State the shape and the bond angle for the formula AB2

Answer 44

Shape: linear | Bond angle: 180°

Question 45

State the shape and the bond angle for the formula AB3

Answer 45

Shape: Triginal Planar | Bond angle: 120°

Question 46

State the shape and the bond angle for the formula AB4

Answer 46

Shape: Tetrahedral | Bond angle: 109.5°

Question 47

State the shape and the bond angle for the formula AB2E

Answer 47

Shape: Angular | Bond angle: 120° > x > 90°

Question 48

State the shape and the bond angle for the formula AB2E2

Answer 48

Shape: Angular | Bond angle: 109.5° > x > 90°

Question 49

State the shape and the bond angle for the formula AB3E

Answer 49

Shape: Trigonal Pyramidal | Bond angle: 109.5° > x > 90°

Question 50

What are the steps for determining the shape and bond angle using the VSEPR Theory?

Answer 50

1) Draw out electron dot diagram 2) Count the bonded and lone pair electrons around the central atom 3) Write out the general formula 4) State the shape and the bond angle

Question 51

What is a central atom?

Answer 51

The atom with the most bonding spots

Question 52

What are the types of dipoles?

Answer 52

Permanent and temporary/induced

Question 53

What criteria must be met in order for a molecule to be polar?

Answer 53

1) It must have at least one polar bond 2) The arrangement of the bonds must be asymmetric. Central atom has either: a) lone pair of electrons and/or b) different atoms bonded to it

Question 54

What type of attractive forces do non-polar molecules have?

Answer 54

only London Dispersion forces

Question 55

What is the strongest intermolecular force?

Answer 55

Hydrogen bonding

Question 56

Define intermolecular force and give an example

Answer 56

The attraction force between molecules | ex. hydrogen bonding between two molecules of water

Question 57

Define intramolecular forces and give an example

Answer 57

The attraction force between to atoms within a molecule | ex. ionic or covalent bonds

Question 58

When will London Dispersion Forces become stronger?

Answer 58

When: - molar mass of molecule increases - length of chained molecule increases

Question 59

What are the three elements that can from a Hydrogen bond?

Answer 59

Fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen