Unit 4 Solutions and Gases Flashcards
(41 cards)
What are the two parts of a solution?
solute and solvent
Define solute
The substance in lesser quantity
Define solvent
The substance in greater quantity
What is solvation?
When the solvent surround the solute particles
Define homogenous solution
A solution where the solute particles are distributed evenly throughout the solvent
What is ionization or dissociation?
When an ionic bond breaks to form ions in a solution
Define solubility
When a substance dissolves in water at a given temperature
When will a precipitate form?
When a substance has low solubility
What are the different ways to write a chemical equation?
- Word equations
- Chemical equations
- Ionic equations
- Net ionic equations
What is a spectator ion?
An ion that is the same (including state of matter) on the product and the reactant side
Define concentration
The amount a solute is able to dissolve in a solvent
Define unsaturated
More solute may dissolve at the given temperature
Define saturated
No more solute may dissolve at the given temperature
Define miscible
no limit for dissolving
Define immiscible
no dissolving will occur
What is the symbol for molarity and does molatiry represent?
Symbol : M
moles of solute per liter of solution (mol/L or mol dm^-3)
What is the formula for concentration/molarity and what do the variables represent?
C = n/V
C is concentration
n is moles
V is volume
How do you determine the ionic concentration?
Multiply the coefficient of the disassociated ion by the molarity
What are the steps in preparing a solution?
1) Determine the mass of the solute needed
2) Add the correct mass of the solute needed to the volumetric flask
3) Add some solvent and swirl the dissolve solute
4) Add more solvent and mix
5) Top up the flask until the meniscus is ate the flask’s etch mark
6) Cover and invert (by tilting upside down) several times to mix thoroughly to make the solution homogenous
What is the formula for the dilution of solutions?
C1 V1 = C2 V2
1 is initial, 2 is final
How do you find the solution stoichiometry?
1) Balance chemical equation
2) Determine the number of moles for the substance whose quantity is given
3) Identify the substance you are required to find the quantity for and determine the mole ratio from the coefficients (ratio is - “given value : required value”)
4) Convert the moles of the required substance into the units needed
What does the Kinetic Theory assume?
- All matter is made of small particles
- All particles are in constant motion
- All collisions are elastic (the kinetic energy before and after the collision are the same)
What is an ideal gas?
A gas where there are no intermolecular forces
What does IMF stand for?
Intermolecular force
