Unit 2 - Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Processes that required energy in the body

Answer 1

some of the energy produced in cells is released as heat during respiration but most is used for:
- muscle contraction and movement
- active transport
- making polymers (proteins)
-communication
- chemical rxn

Question 2

Aerobic Cellular Respiration equation

Answer 2

C6H12O6 + 6O2 =
6CO2 + 6H2O + (38ATP)

Question 3

ATPE theoretical yeilds

Answer 3

totally ATP yeild by aerobic cellular respiration from the complete oxidation of one mol of glucose

Question 4

Cellular Respiration Purpose

Answer 4

to produce ATP

Question 5

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Answer 5

process that extracts energy from food in the presence of oxygen
- energy used to synthesize ATP from ADP pi
- ATP used to supply energy to cell

Question 6

Aerobic Cellular Respiration overall reaction

Answer 6

glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + 38ATP

reactants = respiratory substrate
products = waste products
ATP = cellular currency
glucose is oxidized it is made up of a series or redox rxn

Question 7

Goals of Cellular Respiration

Answer 7

• to break bonds between 6c atoms of glucose
• to transfer e- from hydrogen in glucose to oxygen forming 6 water mols
• trap as much of the free energy released in the process as possible in the form of ATP

Question 8

Aerobic Cellular Respiration Take place

Answer 8

in EUKARYOTES and some PROKARYOTES
- e = obligate aerobes
(require oxygen to live )

Question 9

Aerobic Cellular Respiration 4 stages

Answer 9

1) glycolysis
2) pyruvate oxidation
3) krebs cycle
4) ETC and Chemisosmosis

Question 10

Substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 10

energy transfer mechanism that forms ATP directly in an enzyme-catalyzed rxn
-ADP and phosphorylate intermediate

Question 11

Oxidatice phosphorylation

Answer 11

a process that forms ATP using energy tranderred indirectly from a series of redox rxn
-ADP and inorganic phosphate

Question 12

Stage 1 = gylcolysis

location + description

Answer 12

Location
= cytoplasm
Description
= breaks glucose into two 3-c mols of pyruvate

Question 13

Stage 2 = pyruvate oxidation

location + description

Answer 13

Location
= mitochondrial matrix
Description
converts pyruvate into acetly-coA

Question 14

Stage 3 = Krebs cycle

location + decription

Answer 14

Also, known as
= citric acid cycle
Location
= mitochondrial matrix
Description
= produces some ATP and lot of reducing power in the form of NADH and FADHw

Question 15

Stage 4 = ETC and Chemiosmosis

location + descrption

Answer 15

Location
= inner mitochondrial matrix
Description
= uses ETC and high-energy e- carried by FADH2 and NADH to produce ATP

Question 16

the Mitochondria

Answer 16

in eukaryotic cells glycolysis in the cytosol
- PO, KC, ETC occur in mitocondria

Question 17

Mitochondria consists of

parts of it

Answer 17

• outer membrane and highly folded inner membrane (cristae)
• enzymes and proteins embedded within the membrane
• matrix protein-rich fluid filling inner space

Question 18

Inner Membrane

Answer 18

Folded into many plate-like extensions called CRISTAE
- increase SA upon which respiratory processes can take place
- covered in stalked particles which r sites of ATP production

Question 19

Central Matrix

Answer 19

• the centre of the mitochondria is filled w a fluid which contains enzymes.
• cells which need a lot of energy contain a lot of mitochondria ie. sperm

Question 20

Anaerobic Pathways
(pathway one)

Answer 20

a process that uses a final inorganic oxidizing agent, other than oxygen, to produce energy
ie. extracts energy from food without oxygen

Question 21

Fermentation
(pathway two)

Answer 21

process that uses an organic compound as the final oxidizing agent to produce energy

-both anerobic respiration and fermentation r catabolic (energy yielding)

Question 22

Fermintation

Answer 22

many prokaryotes and some protists use anaerobic respiration or fermentation to obtain energy from food since they live in environments w a lack of or no oxygen
ie. bacteria

Question 23

Obligate Anaerobes

Answer 23

an organism that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen
- use inorganic substances such as S and Fe+3 as final electron acceptors to obtain energy

Question 24

Facultative Anaerobe

Answer 24

an organsim that can live w or without oxygen
ie. E.coli bacteria