UNIT 2- Christian Foundations Pt 2

Question 1

True/False: it was illegal to beat your wife in Middle Ages

Answer 1

False: as long as they weren’t killed or maimed

Question 2

Why were the clergy investigating and scrutinizing women before marriage? (2 examples)

Answer 2

To make sure
1) That they were still virgins/still pure
2) That they were not witches

Question 3

The church was highly intrusive in the __ lives of their parishioners

Answer 3

Sexual lives

Question 4

The church was obsessed with punishing those people who engaged in any sex that was not within what?

Answer 4

The confines of marriage / Between a husband and wife

Question 5

What were some of the rules and regulations the church had for sex? (11 examples)

Answer 5

Had to be Missionary position
Only once a week
Not if wife is menstruating
Not if woman is pregnant
Not on Sunday or feast day
Not during daylight
Not in church
No adultery
No same-sex sex
No beastiality
No nudity

Question 6

Behind closed doors, were people following the dictates of the church?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

The obsession the church had to regulate and punish what it saw as deviant sexual behaviour intensified with the emergence of what?

Answer 7

Courtly love

Question 8

Courtly love was a revolutionary attitude/shift about what 2 things?

Answer 8

Love and sex

Question 9

Which country did courtly love originate, and with whom?

Answer 9

Southern France with Troubadours

Question 10

Who were the Troubadours?

Answer 10

Travelling poets, musicians, entertainers who travelled the country side and entertained ppl

Question 11

Troubadours spoke of intense romantic love, passion, sensuality, and put women on a what?

Answer 11

Put women on a pedestal
( which was far different than how women have been seen to this point )

Question 12

Troubadours talked about women as people to be loved, ___, and ___ .

Answer 12

Cherished and valued

Question 13

The idea of falling in love was born thanks to who?

Answer 13

The troubadours

Question 14

New notions of romantic love became widespread especially among whom , who took the ideas of courtly love back to the ___ ___ of Europe.

Answer 14

Among aristocrats
Back to the Royal Courts of Europe (hence Courtly love)

Question 15

Before the 12th century people talked about love in what terms? Having a love for whom?

Answer 15

In spiritual terms having a love for God

Question 16

True/False: Courtly love wasn’t a sexual, physical, erotic, emotional kind of love.

Answer 16

False: This new kind of love was different !
It was an idealized sexual, physical, erotic, emotional kind of love

Question 17

In Courtly love, True love could only exist outside of what?

Answer 17

Marriage

Question 18

The church believed that courtly love was something that had to be what?

Answer 18

Opposed

Question 19

What are examples of Courtly love representing all things wrong in the eyes of the church? (3 examples)

Answer 19

1) CL advocated for notions of romantic love vs spiritual love for God
2) CL emphasized sex and love outside of marriage
3) CL talked about sex for pleasure vs procreation

Question 20

True/False: The church was looking to regulate any sexual behavior outside the confines of marriage and outside the purposes of procreation.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Why was sex not allowed to take place on a feast day/Sunday/any holiday?

Answer 21

It meant the priority was not being given to honouring God

Question 22

Why was sex not supposed to take place when a woman was pregnant?

Answer 22

Because sex was for procreation, given that the woman was already pregnant that was an admission that sex was for enjoyment

Question 23

Why was sex not supposed to take place between people who are naked?

Answer 23

It meant the couple lacked modesty

Question 24

How did the church know what people were doing, and who helped make that happen?

Answer 24

Pope innocent III said Christian’s have to confess their sins once a year, so the church knew from confessions

Question 25

Most of the sins that were confessed by parishioners were *what* in nature?

Answer 25

Sexual in nature

Question 26

The local clergy rated the depravity and severity of countless sins and suggested what?

Answer 26

A complex system of penance.

Question 27

According to the church, Penance was supposed to do what 2 things?

Answer 27

Heal the soul Deter people from having reckless sex/bad sex habits

Question 28

What are 2 examples of penance?

Answer 28

Fasting and sexual abstinence

Question 29

For sins regarded as excessively horrific, it became what? Give a couple examples

Answer 29

Public Ex: excommunication, public beatings, monetary fines

Question 30

True/False: priests in Middle Ages were prime examples of how to behave sexually, and they practiced what they preached

Answer 30

False : they did all kinds of things ! Ex: frequented prostitutes, looked at porn, had affairs w/ other men’s wives, had homosexual affairs

Question 31

What was the penance for homosexuality in the Middle Ages?

Answer 31

Castration

Question 32

In reaction to this paranoia by the church around sexual sins, the church created what they called *what*?

Answer 32

the cult of virginity

Question 33

The cult of virginity stemmed from what (from the Christian period)?

Answer 33

The emphasis of celibacy in the early Christian period

Question 34

The cult of virginity did what for women?

Answer 34

Empowered and elevated women, both spiritually and politically

Question 35

Many young women looked to conform to the cult of virginity as a vehicle of what?

Answer 35

Empowerment

Question 36

Many young women subscribed to the cult of virginity, entering nunneries and describing their spiritual love for Christ in very central and _____ ways.

Answer 36

passionate

Question 37

Why did the cult of virginity tear families apart?

Answer 37

Parents wanted women to marry bc it was a way women could achieve financial stability and protection

Question 38

The Black Death plague was seen as what by the church?

Answer 38

God’s punishment for the lustfulness that came with courtly love

Question 39

Celibacy was seen as the ultimate *what* in medieval society ?

Answer 39

Ultimate cure

Question 40

True/False: Medieval period had double standards, church hypocrisy and moral/ethical extremes

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Whats an example of contradictions in medieval times with women and the church?

Answer 41

The church advocated both celibacy and virginity and also children within the confines of marriage.

Question 42

In the renaissance, courtly love was replaced with what 2 things?

Answer 42

An emphasis for classical concerns of **public life and civic duty** A culture thats **masculine**

Question 43

In regards to same-sex sex, why isn’t the older man supposed to be the “receiver”

Answer 43

Because that would be mimicking a feminine gender role which would compromise his masculinity

Question 44

What was the most policed, prosecuted, and heavily penalized crime in Renaissance Italy?

Answer 44

Sodomy between 2 adults

Question 45

What was a major event shaped by negative sexual attitudes about women?

Answer 45

European witch craze

Question 46

Witches were largely identified as women who did what?

Answer 46

Made a pack with the devil (Sexualized relationship, danced naked w/ him)

Question 47

True/False: women “witches” were hunted in both the Middle Ages and the Renaissance

Answer 47

False They were accused in Middle Ages but hunted down in renaissance

Question 48

What happened to women who were accused, and what were men looking for?

Answer 48

Accused women were striped and searched by men looking for a mark on their body that signified the relationship w the devil

Question 49

Who were the vulnerable women that were accused to be witches? (6 types of women)

Answer 49

Single women, spinsters, widows, women who inherited land, midwives, women who were post menopausal

Question 50

What is Gynocide, and what is an example of it?

Answer 50

Deliberate genocide against women, Witch craze (also deliberate effort to disempower women)

Question 51

For the 3 centuries of the renaissance, 110k witch trials took place. How many were excecuted ?

Answer 51

50k

Question 52

It wasn’t until enlightenment 18th Century that the power of the church would wane and be replaced by the influence of what?

Answer 52

medicine and science