Unit 2 Colonial America

Question 1

The Spanish

Answer 1

Established the colony of Santa Fe in 1610. Desired developing wealth for the Spanish crown, consisting mainly of ranchos economically. Franciscan friars attempted to eradicate Pueblo religious tradition Alienated native peoples

Question 2

The French

Answer 2

Established Quebec in 1608. Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec as a trading post
French goal: develop trade in the New World. Developed critical trade relationships (fur) and alliances through intermarriage with Native American women with the Natives in the area.

Question 3

The Dutch

Answer 3

Established New Amsterdam (New York) in 1609. Henry Hudson sailed into New York Harbor, sponsored by the Dutch East India Company. Dutch Goal: Develop trade in the New World.

Question 4

The English

Answer 4

In 1558 Queen Elizabeth sponsors exploration efforts. Attempted colony in Roanoke failed in 1587. So Jamestown, Virginia became the first English colony in 1607, followed by Plymouth in 1620. English wanted to eliminate Spanish influence and Catholicism.

Question 5

Pueblo Revolt

Answer 5

Pope a Pueblo man in August of 1680 coordinated an uprising to drive the Spanish out, his plan was successful. But, in 1696 the Spanish returned and crushed the last Revolt. Intensifying assimilation as a result.

Question 6

Colonies:

Answer 6

Divided into three regions, the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies.

Question 7

New England Colonies

Answer 7

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut. Had cold winters, rocky soils, and natural harbors. Diverse economy with small scale farming, trade, shipping, exportation of fish and lumber. Relatively stratified religiously.

Question 8

Middle Colonies

Answer 8

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. Less severe winters with natural harbors. Medium scale farming, was the breadbasket/had many grains. Least religiously stratified.

Question 9

Southern Colonies

Answer 9

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. Mild climate with fertile lowlands. Grew cash crops such as tobacco, rice, and indigo, had Agricultural based plantations. Most religiously stratified.

Question 10

Salutary Neglect

Answer 10

1754, weak enforcement of British Trade Laws. Colonists gained more independent government systems and trade practices. For example, the House of Burgesses, and the Town Meetings.

Question 11

Mercantilism

Answer 11

A nation’s power was rooted in the amount of accumulated gold and silver it had. Goal was to increase the mother country’s wealth. Colonies would send raw goods to the mother country, and the mother country would send the colonies manufactured goods.

Question 12

Transatlantic Trade System (Triangular Trade)

Answer 12

Colonies to Europe: raw materials, (rum, tobacco, rice). Colonies to Africa: Rum and manufactured goods. Africa to Colonies: enslaved Africans. Europe to Colonies and Africa: Manufactured goods.

Question 13

Navigation Acts (1650-1673)

Answer 13

Required most colonial trade occur only in the British Empire
Certain goods could only be shipped to Great Britain to maximize profit. Sought to establish wide-ranging control over colonial commerce. Colonists began smuggling goods.

Question 14

Beaver Wars (1628-1701)

Answer 14

Impacted the Iroquois severely, Beaver numbers begin declining due to over harvesting. Intensified territorial conflicts between Natives and Europeans

Question 15

King Phillip’s War (Metacom’s War)

Answer 15

Occurred in New England, began with the colonists pushing westward. Ended in 1676 with the beheading of Metacom, his head was displayed in Plymouth.

Question 16

Portuguese

Answer 16

Transported Africans beginning in 1440.

Question 17

1619

Answer 17

First Africans transported to Jamestown, Virginia.

Question 18

Chattel Slavery

Answer 18

The dominant labor system in southern colonies, new laws created a strict racial system, prohibiting interracial relationships and defining the descendants of African American mothers as black and enslaved in perpetuity

Question 19

Challenge of slavery

Answer 19

Africans often escaped from their masters, used daily Acts of resistance, rebellion (stono Rebellion in 1739), and maintenance of their traditions to defy their enslavement.

Question 20

Religious Tyranny

Answer 20

1635: Roger Williams banished from Massachusetts for “heresy”
1638: Anne Hutchinson banished

Question 21

First Great Awakening

Answer 21

Religious revival, preachers delivered sermons, emphasizing person and emotional connections to God. Sparked religious tolerance.

Question 22

The Enlightenment

Answer 22

Encouraged reason and rational thought, was sparked by scientific and intellectual discoveries. Some popular Philosophes were John Locke (consent of the governed, life, liberty, and the right to property). Rousseau, Voltaire, and Baron de Montesquieu (separation of powers).

Question 23

Anglicization

Answer 23

A term that the colonies experience, in essence becoming English.

Question 24

Dominion of New England

Answer 24

Created by King James II who assumed the throne in 1685, which combined all the New England colony governments. Sir Edmund Andros appointed as governor. The Dominion was abolished after the Glorious Revolution.

Question 25

Leisler's Rebellion

Answer 25

In 1689, Jacob Leisler raised a militia and captured New York and drove the posed governor there on behalf of Andros, Captain Francis Nicholson. After declaring himself governor, he was executed two years later

Question 26

Bacon's Rebellion

Answer 26

In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon drives out corrupt Governor William Berkeley. He also burned down Jamestown

Question 27

Slave Codes

Answer 27

Enacted by the House of Burgesses in the 1660s. Kept Africans and their children in permanent bondage, creating the definition of slavery.