Unit 2 – Computer parts Flashcards by Komal Patel

Data vs. Information

Recorded facts and figures.

Example: Number of houses on a street, number of tickets sold

Data

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Data vs. Information

Knowledge we gain from interpreting those facts (data), provides meaning

Example: 25 degrees is hot for me, might be different for you

When you sort, process or interpret data, it becomes information (becomes meaningful)
The MEANING of information differs from one person to the next

Information

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Measuring Computer Data

Language computer use for its components to communicate

- Consists or 1’s (ON) and 0’s (OFF)
- Each 1 or 0 = 1bit

Binary code

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Measuring Computer Data

bits organized into groups of 8 bits → 8 bits = ?

1 Byte

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Components of Computers

set of programs that enables the hardware to perform different tasks

Software

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Components of Computers

helps you carry out tasks

Application Software:

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Components of Computers

Takes hardware + apps to work together.

Consists of: Operating system and utility programs

System Software

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Components of Computers

Controls how your system functions. Provides a means for us to interact with computer.

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4 Main functions of a Computer

1- Inputs
2 - CPU
3 - Output
4 - Storage

*Storage and memory NOT same thing

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Gathers data, allows users to enter data

Inputs

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Inputs

Keyboards
QWERTY
Flexible
Virtual
Touchscreens

Text

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Input

Cameras, camcorders, cellphones (video and audio)

Audio-visual

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Inputs

Optical mouse
Trackpads
Gaming
Touchscreen

Point

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Inputs

Webcam
Microphone
Voice recognition software
Siri, Cortana, Galaxy

Voice

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Inputs

Scanners

Image

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Displays data and info

Outputs

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Outputs

CRT Displays – no longer used
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
LED Displays (Light emitting diode)
OLED Displays (Organic Light-Emitting Diode)

↓ Newer, less energy, more accurate, thinner

Screen Types:

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Outputs: Evaluating Screens

Width-to-height proportion of a monitor

Aspect Ratio

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Outputs: Evaluating Screens

Clearness and sharpness of the image, measured in pixels

Resolution

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Outputs: Evaluating Screens

Difference between brightest and darkest output possible (when too low, colors
can’t be seen when screen is too dark)

Contrast Ratio

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Outputs: Evaluating Screens

How far you can move to the sides, measures in degrees

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Viewing Angle

Outputs: Evaluating Screens

Greatest amount of light, measured in candelas (low brightness=hard to see when
there’s a lot of light in the room)

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Brightness

Outputs: Evaluating Screens

Time it takes for a pixel to change color, measured in milliseconds. Lowest=best.

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Response Time

Outputs: Printers

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Inkjet printers (spray ink onto paper)
Laser printers (uses lasers and static electricity)
All-in-one printers (print, scan, copy, fax)
Large format printers (oversized images, posters, banners)
Thermal printers (melt wax onto paper)

# Outputs: Evaluating Printers Measured in PPM, how many pages can be printed per minute

Speed

# Outputs: Evaluating Printers Specificity of color outputted, depends on number of color cartridges

Color Output:

# Outputs: Evaluating Printers Measured in DPI (dots per inch), how clear is the image when printed

Resolution

# Outputs: Evaluating Printers How much do cartridges cost, how many need to be replaced each time

Use and Cost

# Processing Manipulates, calculates and organizes data into info

Processing

# Processing brain of the computer. Controls all the functions ## Footnote - Compared based on Speed, Function, Cost o Speed is measured in Hertz (Hz), Gigahertz for CPU (ramr) - Dual-processor = 2 CPUs in the computer, Quad-Processor = 4 CPUs - Classified as 32-bit (CAN’T have more than 4GB of memory) or 64-bit (CAN have more than 4GB of memory)

CPU

# Processing 2 Type of Memory

ROM & RAM | Read-Only Memory & Random Access Memory

# Processing Memory State - Permanent (NON-VOLATILE) – does not need power to run Purpose - Start computer Speed - Adding ROM has little impact on processing speed | Human Example ## Footnote VITAL FUNCTIONS: Breathing doesn’t need to be thought about, your body does it

Read-Only Memory | ROM

# Processing Memory State - Temporary (VOLATILE) Purpose - Run programs when the computer is on Speed - Adding RAM lets you do more things at the same time | Human Example: ## Footnote DAILY ACTIVITIES: can listen to music, study, chat at the same time. If I add more (cooking), brain won’t be able to process. When I sleep, I stop doing everything.

Random Access Memory | RAM

# Processing Where the CPU, Memory and other circuitry boards sit

Motherboard

# Processing Expansion card that microphones and speakers connect to

Sound Card

# Processing Expansion card that monitors connect to

Video Card:

Saves data and info for later use ## Footnote - Hard Disk Drive (HDD): non-volatile - Solid State Drive (SSD): uses electronic memory - Internal Drive Bays - External Drive Bays (CDs) - Optical Storage: CD, DVD, BD - Flash Memory Cards / Drives

Storage

# Storage Slot on computers where peripheral devices are attached to exchange data between the device and the computer (external drive)

Ports

# Ports Universal Serial Bus Port

USB

# Ports often used for old printers

Parallel Ports:

# Ports send one piece of data at a time (used for modems in the past)

Serial Ports:

# Ports Fastest transfer ports

Thunderbolt:

# Storage gives you access to networks and the Internet or enable your computer to function as a fax machine | Example: Ethernet - connects your computer to a digital subscriber line

Connectivity port:

# Storage (high-definition multimedia interface): for audio visual

HDMI

# Storage same as HDMI, but older

DVI or VGA:

Science of placing devices and machines in a way that humans can use them comfortably, without pain

Ergonomics

# Power Controls powering up computer from a fully turned off state

Cold boot:

# Power Controls restarting your computer

Warm boot

# Power Controls Saves all open docs and apps you were using in RAM, from which they are quickly accessible upon waking up the computer. NOT turning off, using battery

Sleep mode

# Power Controls Saves all open docs and apps to the hard disk instead (saves energy). Turning OFF, NOT using battery

Hibernation

# Power Controls Housed inside system unit, transforms voltage required by computer chips

Power Supply:

Unit 2 – Computer parts Flashcards

(51 cards)