Unit 7 – Security

Question 1

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When personal information such as name, address, SIN, birth date, bank account numbers, and credit card information is stolen
 Can occur in-person or via computer

Answer 1

Identity Theft

Question 2

A person who unlawfully breaks into a computer system

Answer 2

Hacker

Question 3

Ethical hackers, break into system to test and find vulnerabilities so they can be parched → “good guys”

Answer 3

 White-Hat Hackers:

Question 4

Break into system to destroy things or for illegal gain → “bad guys”

Answer 4

Black-Hat Hackers

Question 5

Grey-Hat Hackers

Answer 5

Illegally break into systems to expose flaws, gain attention, show expertise, or
sell security repair service

Question 6

Malicious computer program that attaches itself to another program and tries to spread when files are shared between 2 computers
 Can cause programs and files to: disappear, change home pages, show strange messages, popup, play music/odd sounds, corrupt data, make programs not function, shut down your system unexpectedly

Answer 6

Virus

Question 7

Changes its own code to avoid detection

Answer 7

Polymorphic Virus

Question 8

Many parasites → designed to infect many files, making it harder to find

Answer 8

Multipartite Virus

Question 9

Temporarily erases code from their files and hides it in active memory

Answer 9

Stealth Virus:

Question 10

Targets the Master Boot Record so that your computer loads it every time it starts → during start up, virus gets loaded on computer’s memory

Answer 10

Boot-Sector Viruses

Question 11

execute when logical conditions are met (Example: opening a file, perform an action)

Answer 11

Logic bombs:

Question 12

execute at a set date or time

Answer 12

Time bombs:

Question 13

Transport themselves through networks/emails and spread on their own → usually generates lots of data traffic (slows down Internet)

Answer 13

Worm

Question 14

Several commands that execute without your knowledge, often used to collect personal information

Answer 14

Script

Question 15

Attaches itself to document that uses macros (Example: Excel)

Answer 15

Macro Virus

Question 16

Distribute viruses to a person’s friend by attaching itself to their contact list

Answer 16

Email Viruses

Question 17

Ransomware – makes programs unusable and asks for money to decrypt them

Answer 17

Encryption Virus

Question 18

Software that has malicious intents.

Answer 18

Malware

Question 19

3 types OF Malware

Software that displays ads

Answer 19

Adware

Question 20

3 types OF Malware

Unwanted background program → transmits personal
information, habits and tracks cookies

Answer 20

Spyware

Question 21

3 types OF Malware

Answer 21

Viruses

Question 22

Unsolicited emails vs. Unsolicited instant messages

Answer 22

Spam vs. Spim:

Question 23

Small text files stored automatically on your hard drive by websites you visit so they can track visits, ads, online forms you fill in, etc.

Answer 23

Cookies:

Question 24

When files are automatically downloaded to your file when you visit a website (1 in 1000 websites have this issue according to Google)

Answer 24

Drive-by Download:

Question 25

Using social skills to obtain sensitive information (Example: telephone scams)

Answer 25

Social Engineering:

Question 26

Creating a scenario where the person sounds legitimate so you trust them and give them information

Answer 26

Pretexting

Question 27

Pretexting done in cyberspace (Example: email stating to update/confirm an account information)

Answer 27

Phishing

Question 28

Programs that direct users to fake sites when they enter a legit one

Answer 28

Pharming

Question 29

Makes popups, banners and other messages telling you your computer is infected (Example: directing to website selling fake removal antivirus tools)

Answer 29

Scareware

Question 30

Program that closes logical ports (used by hackers) to prevent unwanted access to your computer → blocks access to logical ports AND keep computer’s network address secure

Answer 30

Firewall

Question 31

# Firewall Process by which firewalls monitor incoming and outgoing packets and filter out packets sent to specific logical ports

Answer 31

Packet Filtering:

Question 32

# Firewall Process where firewalls can be configured to ignore requests originating from Internet asking to access certain ports

Answer 32

Logical Port Blocking:

Question 33

# Firewall Process used by firewalls to assign internal IP address on network → can’t be detected by hackers (even when they know your public IP address) o Internet Protocol Address (IP Address): every computer connected to Internet has unique address assigned to router by Internet Service Provider (ISP)

Answer 33

Network Address Translation (NAT):

Question 34

Specially designed to detect viruses and protect computer/files from harm

Answer 34

Antivirus Software:

Question 35

Secure networks established in public Internet infrastructure using specialized software, servers and data transmission protocols → sending data on public Internet as if it was a private network (large corporations use it to protect sensitive transmitted data between servers and connect devices)

Answer 35

Virtual Private Network (VPN):

Question 36

Copies of files to replace originals if lost or damaged

Answer 36

Backups

Question 37

Small device installed in computer. If notebook moves while alarm is activated, will emit 100-decibel sound.

Answer 37

Motion alarm:

Question 38

Protects all electrical devices in house → installed by electricians

Answer 38

Whole-house surge protector:

Question 39

Protects computer against power surge

Answer 39

Surge protectors:

Question 40

Occur when too much electrical current is passed through an outlet

Answer 40

Power surges: