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Bio1010 > Unit 2 - Exam > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Cell division in body cells, causing growth, development, and replacement of dead cells.

A

MITOSIS

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2
Q

Your genotype is your genetic make-up, and your actual physical traits are your ___.

A

PHENOTYPE

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3
Q

This refers to whether a gene is transcribed to a protein, or turned “on”

A

GENE EXPRESSION

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4
Q

Proteins are made of ____ linked together

A

AMINO ACIDS

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5
Q

Most chromosomes are ___, and they do not determine sex.

A

AUTOSOMES

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6
Q

A trait that is determined by multiple genes.

A

POLYGENIC

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7
Q

The smallest unit of life

A

CELL

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8
Q

The matching of bases when building a new DNA molecule follows which rule?

A

COMPLEMENTARY BASE PAIRING

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9
Q

___ is the process by which a stem cell because a specific cell, like a liver cell or a muscle cell (two words, no spaces).

A

CELLULAR DIFFERENTIATION

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10
Q

The electrical impulse that travels down the axon is called an?

A

Action Potential

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11
Q

What drugs cross the blood-brain barrier and affect the nervous system.

A

PSYCHOACTIVE

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12
Q

The ___ of the neuron receive signals from other neurons.

A

DENDRITES

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13
Q

The portion of the nervous system that consists of nerves running throughout your body

A

PNS

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14
Q

The portion of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

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15
Q

Portion of the brainstem that (among other things) controls respiration and heart rate (two words)

A

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

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16
Q

An action potential travels along the ___ of a neuron.

A

AXON

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17
Q

This lobe of the cerebrum processes visual information

A

OCCIPITAL

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18
Q

The ____ is a wall between the bloodstream and the nervous system, and only some substances can cross it

A

BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER

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19
Q

A neurotransmitter that can produce feelings of wellbeing, pleasure, and euphoria

A

DOPAMINE

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20
Q

The lowest part of the brain

A

BRAINSTEM

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21
Q

The chemical signal that travels between neurons is the

A

NEURO TRANSMITTER

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22
Q

The top portion of the brain that is responsible for higher cognitive function, and includes several lobes with specific functions

A

CEREBRUM

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23
Q

The ___ is the communication cell of the nervous cell.

A

NEURON

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24
Q

This lobe of the cerebrum processes tactile sensory information (touch).

A

PARIETAL

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25
The ___ lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for decision-making, voluntary motor, and personality.
FRONTAL
26
The link between the right and left hemispheres of the brain
CORPUS CALLOSUM
27
The structure of the brain that smooths and coordinates motor activity (does not function well if large amounts of alcohol are consumed).
CEREBELLUM
28
The ___ sheath insulates the axon.
MYELIN
29
This lobe of the cerebrum processes auditory and olfactory (smell) information
TEMPORAL
30
The top portion of the brain that is responsible for higher cognitive function, and includes several lobes with specific functions
CEREBRUM
31
A gap between two neurons
SYNAPSE
32
Opioids bind to this structure on a neuron
OPIOID RECEPTOR
33
This neuron releases neurotransmitter to signal another neuron (or muscle)
PRESYNAPTIC NEURON
34
An ___ neurotransmitter will stimulate/activate the postsynaptic neuron.
EXCITATORY
35
An ___ neurotransmitter will "put the brakes" or stop activity in the postsynaptic neuron.
INHIBITORY
36
A portion of the brainstem that includes the ventral tegmental area (VTA)
MIDBRAIN
37
____ neurons inhibit the release of dopamine in the ventral tegmental area (VTA).
GABAERGIC
38
A portion of the midbrain that sends dopamine into the "pleasure circuit"
VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA
39
The ____ has receptors that receive and respond to the neurotransmitters
POSTSYNAPTIC NEURON
40
What are the pain receptors called
NOCICEPTOR
41
A complete set of homologous chromosomal pairs is the ___ number, which are found in most cells of the body.
DIPLOID
42
An ___ is an alternative form (or version) of a gene
ALLELE
43
Cell division resulting in sex cells (eggs and sperm).
MEIOSIS
44
____ is a process of homeostasis that brings the body back to the original state (it has the opposite effect)
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
45
The process of actually assembling a protein, performed by different types of RNA.
TRANSLATION
46
A ___ is a set of three bases that codes for a specific amino acid.
CODON
47
Information used to build proteins
DNA
48
Alleles that are not expressed if a dominant allele is on the same locus of the other chromosome in a pair.
RECESSIVE
49
A large molecule in the nucleus of a cell that is composed of a long strand of DNA (and other supporting proteins).
CHROMOSOME
50
A structure composed of two or more tissues
ORGAN
51
The ___ number of chromosomes are found in sex cells, and contain one member of each pair of chromosomes.
HAPLOID
52
The location of a particular gene on a particular chromosome.
LOCUS
53
A pair of chromosomes, like pair 7, are ____. You received one from your mother and the other from your father.
HOMOLOGOUS
54
An organ that secretes hormones that regulate blood sugar (it also secretes digestive enzymes).
PANCREAS
55
All of an organism's genes are called a
GENOME
56
is a hormone that signals the liver to release glucose into the blood.
GLUCAGON
57
____ is a state of equilibrium. Many regulatory mechanisms in the body will operate to maintain this state.
HOMEOSTASIS
58
A segment of DNA that codes for a protein or part of a protein
GENE
59
____ helps transport information from DNA and assemble a protein
RNA
60
The process of creating a new DNA molecule
REPLICATION
61
____ is a hormone that signals the liver to take glucose out of blood and store it.
INSULIN
62
An individual that carries a recessive allele (and can pass it on to their offspring), but does not express that allele because they also have a dominant allele.
CARRIER
63
In the process of ___, RNA makes a complementary copy of DNA.
TRANSCRIPTION
64
What are chains of amino acids
Protein
65
What determines the function of the protein
Its shape
66
This system functions to obtain nutrients
Digestive
67
This system includes the larynx and pharynx
Respiratory
68
An endocrine gland that regulates metabolism
Thyroid
69
This cell type is free-floating and flat, allowing for quick exchange of material in and out of the cell
Red Blood Cell
70
This system transports substance throughout the body
Circulatory
71
This substance covers joint surfaces
Cartilage
72
The reproductive organs where a fetus develops
Uterus
73
A digestive system organ that produces enzymes
Pacreas
74
This system provides both support and protection
Skeletal
75
This system function to rid the body of waste and maintain water balance
Urinary
76
This tissue consists of sheets of cells that line surfaces for protection and exchange of material
Epithelial
77
The master control of the endocrine system
Hypothalamus
78
This system consists of several organ including tonsils and the spleen
Lymphatic
79
The organ for gas exchange
Lung
80
This cell type has long protein filaments that slide past each other
Muscle
81
What is another word for the throat
Pharynx
82
This cell type is long and thin and functions to communicate with other cells
Nervous
83
A digestive system organ that stores nutrients
Liver
84
This system functions to communicate information and control processes in the body and the does it through hormones
Endocrine
85
This system provides an outer layer of protection of the body
Integumentary system
86
The organ that filters blood
Kidney
87
These structures hold bones together
Ligament
88
The organ that produces sex cells
Gonads
89
An endocrine gland that releases adrenaline
Adrenal
90
These structures anchor skeletal muscles to bones
Tendons
91
This cell type is long and thin and functions to communicate with other cells
Neuron
92
This type of tissue binds structures together
Connective

Bio1010 (4 decks)

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