Unit 3

Question 1

A group of individuals of the same species that occupy the same geographical area

Answer 1

POPULATION

Question 2

A change in DNA or a chromosome that results in a different form of a gene; the source of all new variation

Answer 2

MUTATION

Question 3

Change over time or descent with modification

Answer 3

EVOLUTION

Question 4

The movement of tectonic plates across the earth’s surface

Answer 4

CONTINENTAL DRIFT

Question 5

What is the concept that two or more species descended from a single species that existed in the past?

Answer 5

COMMON ANCESTRY

Question 6

A genetic disorder that results in deformed red blood cells?

Answer 6

SICKLE CELL ANEMIA

Question 7

Which structures have little or no function, and were inherited from an ancestral species that had a larger functional form of the structure

Answer 7

VESTIGIAL

Question 8

This means that not all the individuals in a population have the same number of offspring or the same chances of survival

Answer 8

DIFFERENTIAL FITNESS

Question 9

High ______ indicates that an individual has had high reproductive success and has many offspring in the next generation

Answer 9

FITNESS

Question 10

Which trait can be passed from parent to offspring.

Answer 10

HERITABLE

Question 11

A similarity in anatomy, proteins, or DNA that results from common ancestry

Answer 11

HOMOLOGOUS

Question 12

What occurs when more than one individual is attempting to access the same resource, such as food

Answer 12

COMPETITION

Question 13

An evolutionary change to better suit environmental conditions

Answer 13

ADAPTATION

Question 14

The scientific system for categorizing all life on earth

Answer 14

LINNEAN CLASSIFICATION

Question 15

A parasite that is transmitted via mosquitoes

Answer 15

MALARIA

Question 16

The scientific designation using of two names, genus and species, is called what?

Answer 16

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

Question 17

The order ______ includes mammals that have fingernails and large brains.

Answer 17

PRIMATES

Question 18

What determines which traits are adaptive

Answer 18

ENVIRONMENT

Question 19

The process _______ (two words), in which individuals with traits best suited for a given environment have the most offspring, is a major force of evolutionary change

Answer 19

NATURAL SELECTION

Question 20

A representation of the evolutionary relationships between species

Answer 20

EVOLUTIONARY TREE

Question 21

The study of the distribution of species around the world

Answer 21

BIOGEOGRAPHY

Question 22

Preserved remains of an organism that are found in sedimentary layers of the earth

Answer 22

FOSSIL

Question 23

The class of vertebrates that have glands that produce milk

Answer 23

MAMMALS

Question 24

Which of the following requires the most ATP to move the molecule across a plasma membrane?

Answer 24

an ion moving against a concentration gradient

Question 25

All chemical reactions in the human body that include build up or breakdown of macromolecules are termed ____________.

Answer 25

metabolic reactions.

Question 26

The proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in the body are called

Answer 26

enzymes.

Question 27

How does ATP provide energy to a cell?

Answer 27

It loses a phosphate group, releasing energy in the process.

Question 28

What is the source of chemical energy used to power a muscle cell in your arm?

Question 29

What are the steps of cellular respiration (specifically aerobic respiration, i.e. oxygen is present) in order.

Answer 29

1.Glycosis in the mitochondria 2.) Citric acid (Krebs) cycle in the mitochondria 3.) Electron transport chain in the mitochondria

Question 30

What can happen to the carbon dioxide produced from cellular respiration?

Answer 30

It's converted to glucose by plants.

Question 31

The waste product of fermentation is ____ in animals. It causes muscles to "burn" if they are not receiving sufficient oxygen to perform aerobic respiration.

Answer 31

lactic acid

Question 32

In which organelle is the majority of ATP molecules synthesized?

Answer 32

mitochondria

Question 33

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding the flow of energy through an ecosystem?

Answer 33

Energy flows from the sun to producers and then to consumers.

Question 34

Omnivores differ from carnivores in that omnivores derive their energy from

Answer 34

plants and animals.

Question 35

Learn the trophic pyramid

Question 36

Autotrophs obtain energy from sunlight and store it in their biomass through the process of _____.

Answer 36

photosynthesis

Question 37

The total amount of stored energy within a given ecosystem is referred to as the

Answer 37

net primary production

Question 38

When a change in one level of the ecosystem has significant impacts on the other levels and components of the ecosystem, this effect is called a

Answer 38

trophic cascade

Question 39

is a sugar molecule, and the energy stored in this molecule can be used to synthesize ATP.

Answer 39

Glucose

Question 40

The _______ (two words) is an exchange between the atmosphere and organisms, starting when photosynthesis takes a crucial compound from the atomsphere to form a simple sugar.

Answer 40

CARBON CYCLE

Question 41

A ______ (two words) consumes primary consumers.

Answer 41

SECONDARY CONSUMER

Question 42

When molecules move through a membrane without using energy, this process is called ___ (two words, no spaces).

Answer 42

PASSIVE TRANSPORT

Question 43

The process by which producers use the energy from sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars for energy storage

Answer 43

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Question 44

An animal that consumes other animals

Answer 44

CARNIVORE

Question 45

A change at one trophic level, such as a population increase, that affects organisms at other trophic levels is called a ______ (two words).

Answer 45

TROPHIC CASCADE

Question 46

The difference between the density of molecules on one side of a membrane versus the other side is the ___(two words, no space).

Answer 46

CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

Question 47

An animal that consumes producers

Answer 47

PRIMARY CONSUMER

Question 48

An animal that consumers both plants and other animals

Answer 48

OMNIVORE

Question 49

The functional role of an organism in its environment - for instance, when it is active and what it eats.

Answer 49

NICHE

Question 50

Organisms that perform photosynthesis

Answer 50

PRODUCERS

Question 51

The organelle (cell component) where ATP is made in mass quantities

Answer 51

MITOCHONDRIA

Question 52

All the chemical reactions in the body

Answer 52

METABOLISM

Question 53

When a bunch of molecules are moved across a membrane in a container, this process is ___ (two words, no space).

Answer 53

VESICULAR TRANSPORT

Question 54

A protein that catalyzes (speeds up, causes) chemical reactions

Answer 54

ENZYME

Question 55

All the populations of all the species that occupy a given geographical area and interact with each other

Answer 55

COMMUNITY

Question 56

A group of individuals from the same species that occupy the same geographical area

Answer 56

POPULATION

Question 57

An animal that consumes plants

Answer 57

HERBIVORE

Question 58

The maximum population size of a species that a given ecosystem can support (two words)

Answer 58

CARRYING CAPACITY

Question 59

When molecules must be pumped across a plasma membrane using energy, this process is called ___ (two words, no space

Answer 59

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Question 60

The process of synthesizing ATP is called ____ (two words, no space).

Answer 60

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Question 61

The ____ surrounds the cell and separates from the external environment (two words, no space).

Answer 61

PLASMA MEMBRANE

Question 62

The workbench for protein synthesis

Answer 62

RIBOSOME

Question 63

The place inside a human cell where DNA is stored

Answer 63

NUCLEUS

Question 64

The molecule "leftover" after the energy from ATP is harnessed

Answer 64

ADP

Question 65

Bacteria, fungi, and other organisms that feed on and break down the remains of dead organisms

Answer 65

DECOMPOSERS