Unit 2 Exam Guide Flashcards
How do cells of the epidermis change as stem cells divide?
Form daughter cells to create more stem specialized cells, and cells get pushed to the surface and die ad flake off
Where are the stem cells located?
Stratum Basale
What happens to the contents and shape of the cell at each stratum moving toward superficial/surface?
As keratinocytes form, cells flatten and the nucleus die
Where are keratinocytes located?
Mostly the Stratum Basale layer
What is the deepest layer that you are certain to find cells that contain keratin?
Stratum Granulosum
What structures can be damaged by UVA- why does it matter?
The dermis, sun rays break down collagen (wrinkles)
What structures can be damaged by UVB- why does it matter?
Stratum basale, sun rays cause an increase in melanin -> melanocytes -> melanoma
Does higher SPF matter?
Yes, to an extent, this is because the power of SPF just indicates the amount of time in sun before reapplication vut every 2 hours is recomended no matter what
How can you protect against UVA and UVB radiation?
Using protection such as sunscreen and layers to block out UV rays
1st degree burn
-layers involved
-structures damaged
-dept
Burns through epidermis, could go to Basale layer
Damages melanocytes and keratinocytes
Dept is superficial
2nd degree burn
-layers involved
-structures damaged
-dept
Burns through Epidermis to papillary layer of dermis
Damages merkel’s disc, fibroblast, capillary, nerve
Dept is partial thickness
3rd degree burn
-layers involved
-structures damaged
-dept
Burns through Reticular layer, could go to the Hypodermis
Damages sweat glands, sebaceous glands, pacinain corpuscles, arteries, and veins
Dept is full thickness
Melanoma
-What cell type does it impact
-In what layer does it begin
-Signs and symptoms
-Treatment
Impacts melanocytes
Begins in Basal layer to spinosum layer
Signs: black or brown spot, ABCD
Treatment: Could be skin grafting
Basal cell carcinoma
-What cell type does it impact
-In what layer does it begin
-Signs and symptoms
-Treatment
Impacts Basal cells
Begins in Basale layer of epidermis
Signs: Tumor, open sore that bleeds/oozes, scab/wound in place that hasn’t been injured
remove skin cancer or radiation therapy
Squamous cell carcinoma
-What cell type does it impact
-In what layer does it begin
-Signs and symptoms
-Treatment
Impacts Keratin cells
Begins in spinosum layer to granulosum layer
Signs: wart-like growth that crusts/bleeds, cone like growth
remove skin cancer or radiation therapy
How does sunscreen act to protect skin from cancer?
Blocks UV rays from entering skin
-Mineral sunscreen, blocks rays
-Chemical sunscreen, absorbs rays
What is the rule of 9s? What is it used to determine?
The rule of 9s estimates how much of your body is damaged by a burn. Used to determine how much fluid a patient needs to heal
What is the most critical aspect of ANY burn?
GET FLUIDS BACK to heal
If you inhaled particles such as smoke and ash
What are special considerations are there for burns that occur on the face?
Intubation, to keep airways open
List the types of ways burns/thermal energy, damage the skin
Frostbite,chemical, friction, electrial, radiation,
What is the process of hemostasis
First step of the healing process
Platelets help to clot the blood by trapping red blood cells with fibrin to form a scab
STOP BLEEDING
What is the process of Inflammation?
2nd step of the healing process
Neutrophils destroy bacteria and macrophage continue clearing debris while attracting immune system cells to clean the area
PREVENT INFECTION
What is the process of Proliferation?
3rd step of the healing process
This is where fibroblasts enter the wound. Then collagen deposition occurs where collagen is let out in the wound site which forms connective skin tissue to replace the fibrin from before.The dermis then contracts to close the wound.
CLOSE THE GAP
What is the process of Remodeling?
4th step of the healing process
Then collagen fibers reorganize to increase strength in the area and healing should finish
REPAIR AND REORGANIZE
