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FOOT - Ax and Intervx > Unit 2 - Infx Control > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Infx Control Flashcards

1
Q

What is the goal of infx control for foot care?

A

to eliminate the risk of transmitting pathogens from one client to another and between the client and the nurse

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2
Q

Infection prevention practices for both the client and the practitioner are?

A

an integral part of professional responsibility

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3
Q

Since it is difficult to accurately identify clients infected with bloodborne pathogens, it is recommended that health care workers support?

A

Routine Practices (formally Universal Precautions).

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4
Q

Precautions apply to?

A

All blood and body fluids capable of transmitting pathogens.

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5
Q

Infection control standards are continuously being assessed to?

A

meet the needs of the profession and to provide the public with safe care

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6
Q

In relation to nursing foot care practices, the general recommendations include:

EFFGHH

A

eye protection must be worn if there is a aerosolized foot dust

face masks must be worn to protect the nurse from the inhalation of nail dust particles, skin, bacteria, fungus, viruses, and bloodborne pathogens such as Hep B, Hep C and HIV

foot care instruments must be sterile before use on any client

gloves are worn during any procedure that could result in the contact with blood or body fluid, open skin lesions, or mucous membranes

health care workers with open or draining lesions should not have contact with clients

hand hygiene occurs before and after client contact

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7
Q

The chain of infection model demonstrate?

A

the infection process

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8
Q

What are the components of the infection model/process?

A 
Agent
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host
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9
Q

When all of the components of the infection model/process are are present…

A

infection can occur

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10
Q

What is the foot care nurse’s responsibility re. the chain of infx?

A

To protect vulnerable clients, the foot care nurse must break the chain by employing proven infection control techniques.

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11
Q

agent

A

an organism capable of causing infection (bacteria, fungus, virus)

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12
Q

an organism capable of causing infection (bacteria, fungus, virus)

A

agent

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13
Q

reservoir

A

a place where an organism can grow and multiple (human body, foot care instruments)

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14
Q

a place where an organism can grow and multiple (human body, foot care instruments)

A

reservoir

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15
Q

portal of exit

A

an exit that allows the organism to leave the reservoir

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16
Q

an exit that allows the organism to leave the reservoir

A

portal of exit

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17
Q

mode of transmission

A

the way an organism is carried from one place to another (improperly cleaned nurses’ hands, improperly processed instruments)

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18
Q

the way an organism is carried from one place to another (improperly cleaned nurses’ hands, improperly processed instruments)

A

mode of transmission

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19
Q

portal of entry

A

any entry that allows the organism to enter the host (fissures, abrasions)

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20
Q

any entry that allows the organism to enter the host (fissures, abrasions)

A

portal of entry

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21
Q

susceptible host

A

a person who does not have the ability to effectively resist an infectious agent (elderly client, client with diabetes)

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22
Q

a person who does not have the ability to effectively resist an infectious agent (elderly client, client with diabetes)

A

susceptible host

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23
Q

What is proven to be the single most effective technique to break the chain of infection?

A

proper hand hygiene

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24
Q

According to _______, proper hand hygiene is proven to be the single most effective technique to break the chain of infection.

A

According to the World Health Organization

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25
Q

As nurses, having direct contact with clients, it is vital that we?

A

not only familiarize ourselves with proper hand hygiene techniques, but that we consistently practice them.

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26
Q

Failure to practice good hand hygiene results in?

A

the spread of pathogens

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27
Q

The foot care nurse must have a clear understanding of when hand hygiene is required. Hands should be washed:
(11)

When x 1

Before x 1

After x 8

Before/After x 2

A

when hands are visibly dirty or soiled

before touching clean or sterile foot care instruments

after removing gloves
after contact with a body fluid
after using the washroom
after blowing your nose
after sneezing into your hands
after handling garbage
after handling pets, animals or animal waste
after touching commonly used public surfaces

before and after contact with a client
before and after eating

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28
Q

What can the foot care nurse use for hand hygiene?

A

soap and water or alcohol based waterless hand sanitizer.

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29
Q

When using soap and water, effective hand hygiene includes the following technique:
(9)

A

remove jewellery

entirely wet both hands with warm water

use enough soap to cover hands (1-3mL) and work into a lather

vigorously rub hands together, including palmer & dorsal surfaces, between fingers, thumbs, up to and including your wrists with soap for 10 to 20 seconds

scrub under nails

rinse thoroughly under warm water

dry hands with a single use towel

turn off faucets with a paper towel

protect your hands from touching dirty surfaces as you leave the bathroom

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30
Q

What should the foot care nurse carry re. hand hygiene?

A

her own supply of single use towels

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31
Q

When done properly, what does the hand washing technique do?

A

reduces the resident and transient micro-organisms, which are capable of transmitting disease

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32
Q

When hands are not visibly soiled, what is appropriate? Figure 2-2 describes the proper technique for hand hygiene with an alcohol based hand sanitizer.

A

a waterless alcohol-based hand sanitizer is

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33
Q

Hand san technique

RRRC
RRK

A

Remove jewellery, apply “enough product” to open palms

Rub hands together palms to palms

Rub in between and around the fingers

Cover all surface of hands and fingers

Rub backs of hands and fingers. Rub each thumb.

Rub fingertips of each hand in opposite palm

Keep rubbing until hands are dry

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34
Q

When it comes to hand san, how much is “enough product?

A

The volume required to be effective varies from product to product. Enough product to keep hands moist for 15 SECONDS should be applied.

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35
Q

When to wash hands with soap and water?

A

If hands are visibly dirty, or contaminated with blood or other body fluids.

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36
Q

Certain hand san manufacturers recommend?

A

Washing hands with soap and water after 10-15 applications of gel.

37
Q

DO NOTs of using hand san

A

Do not use with water

Do not use paper towels to dry hands

38
Q

Speak to the fingernails of the foot care nurse

A

Artificial fingernails are known to harbour pathogens. The foot care nurse should have short, natural nails.

39
Q

What guidelines are intended for use by all health care providers?

Who created these guidelines?

A

Infection Control Guidelines for Foot Care for Health Care Providers

Public Health Agency of Canada [PHAC] (formally Health Canada)

40
Q

Infection Control Guidelines for Foot Care for Health Care Providers

Some of PHAC’s general recommendations include:
(6)

A

Some of PHAC’s recommendations include:

all reusable instruments used in foot care must be sterile before use on a client/patient

hands must be washed with soap and water before beginning the foot care procedure

hands should be washed before glove use and after glove removal

the clothing of the health care provider should be protected by a disposable gown, apron, or a clean towel if the client’s foot is positioned in the health care provider’s lap.

all foot care equipment for re-use must be capable of being cleaned in a detergent (formulated for medical instruments) and water to remove organic matter

single-use items such as emery boards, orange sticks and rotary tool disks should be discarded after use. If a client’s own equipment is used, it must be kept clean and dry.

41
Q

Infection Control Guidelines for Foot Care for Health Care Providers

PHAC’s guidelines re. foot care clinics:
(3)

A

foot care clinics should be arranged with consideration for the availability of hand washing sinks. Waterless hand washing agents may be used if a sink is not available

if towels are used during foot care clinics, the towel should be used for one client only

clients should not walk with bare feet

42
Q

A very important PHAC guideline simply states,

A

instruments used in foot care that may break the skin must be sterile

43
Q

There are no degrees of…

A

sterilization

44
Q

The foot care nurse should have a thorough understanding of…

A

how cleaning, disinfection and sterilization apply to his or her own foot care practice

45
Q

Cleaning

A

the physical removal of foreign material (blood, secretions, and microorganisms)

46
Q

the physical removal of foreign material (blood, secretions, and microorganisms)

A

Cleaning

47
Q

Cleaning an object will…

Cleaning an object will not…

A

Cleaning an object will physically remove microorganisms.

Cleaning will not kill microorganisms.

48
Q

How is cleaning accomplished?

A

Cleaning is accomplished with water, detergents and mechanical action (scrubbing).

49
Q

What is required before foot care instruments can be sterilized?

A

Thorough cleaning is required before foot care instruments can be sterilized.

50
Q

Disinfection:

A

The inactivation of disease-producing microorganisms.

51
Q

The inactivation of disease-producing microorganisms.

A

Disinfection

52
Q

Disinfection does not…

A

destroy bacterial spores

53
Q

What must be thoroughly disinfected between clients?

A

Work area surface, stool, counter, and table, chair etc must be thoroughly disinfected between clients.

54
Q

Disinfectants include:

2

A

alcohol and chlorine

55
Q

How to ensure proper use of disinfectants?

A

Follow the manufacturer’s instruction.

56
Q

Sterilization

A

Sterilization results in the destruction of all forms of microbial life including bacteria, viruses, spores and fungi.

57
Q

Results in the destruction of all forms of microbial life including bacteria, viruses, spores and fungi.

A

Sterilization

58
Q

Before effective sterilization can take place, foot care instruments must be?

A

Foot care instruments must be cleaned thoroughly before effective sterilization can take place.

59
Q

Sterilization methods include?

3

A

Autoclave
Dry heat
Chemisterilant

60
Q
  1. Autoclave (steam/moist heat)

For sterilization to be effective, items being processed require?

A

exposure to direct steam contact at the required temperature and pressure for the specified time.

Table top autoclaves can be purchased.

61
Q
  1. Autoclave (steam/moist heat)

For sterilization to be effective, items being processed require exposure to direct steam contact at the required temperature and pressure for the specified time.

Tell me more…

A

Temperatures of 121 - 132°C (250 - 270°F)
kill microorganisms in
3 to 20 minutes,
depending on the type of sterilizer and wrapping.

62
Q
  1. Dry heat

Compare dry heat to moist heat.

A

Dry heat sterilizes less efficiently than moist heat.

63
Q
  1. Dry heat

DRY HEAT sterilizes less efficiently than moist heat, therefore…

A

A higher temperature is required for a dry heat unit than for an autoclave.

64
Q

In order for sterilization to occur with DRY HEAT, what must happen?

A

the correct temperature must be maintained throughout the cycle

65
Q
  1. Dry heat

Time and temp needed to sterilize instruments?

A

The actual time needed to sterilize instruments will depend on the amount of equipment and the type of wrapping material.

A typical dry heat cycle is
1 hour at 170°C
or
2 hours at 160°

66
Q
  1. Chemisterilant

Chemicals capable of sterilizing foot care instruments include:

A

hydrogen peroxide 6.25%

7% Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide

glutaraldehyde

67
Q
  1. Chemisterilant

Exposure time?

A

Exposure time will vary as per manufacturer instructions.

68
Q

Prior to sterilization, all instruments used must be?

A

cleansed with a detergent formulated for medical equipment, using a small soft bristle brush to remove any visible debris

69
Q

Prior to sterilization, all instruments used must be cleansed with a detergent formulated for medical equipment, using a small soft bristle brush to remove any visible debris.
All hinged instruments should be?

A

All hinged instruments should be opened and blades exposed to be cleaned, rinsed and dried.

70
Q

Sterilization methods not accepted by the Public Health Agency of Canada include:
(3)

A

glass bead sterilizers

boiling

microwave

71
Q

The nurse must ensure safe and prudent practice, including the following guidelines:
(5)

A

read and follow manufacturer’s safety rules for all equipment and chemicals used

wear personal protective equipment
o goggles
o mask
o gloves

follow established infection control guidelines

ensure immunizations are up to date

use of dust extractors

72
Q

All health care workers providing foot care should be aware of?

A

potocols for the prevention of the transmission of bloodborne pathogens

73
Q

Nurses involved with foot care should be adequately immunized against?

A

hepatitis B

74
Q

Immunization reduces the risk of providers doing what?

A

becoming infected and possibly transmitting their infections to clients

75
Q

To verify hepatitis B immunity…?

A

Anti-HB levels should be assessed 1-2 months after the third dose of the vaccination has been administered.

76
Q

American Podiatric Medical Association identifies that nail dust particles can be highly…?

A

allergenic and antigenic

77
Q

allergenic VS antigenic

A

Allergen is a kind of antigen that elicits immune response only if the host is allergic to it,while antigen will elicit immune response irrespective of hosts.

ALLERGEN
a specific antigen which cause allergic reactions

ALLERGENIC
having the capacity to induce allergy

ANTIGEN
foreign substance, often a protein which stimulates the formation of antibodies

ANTIGENIC
any substance that can stimulate the production of antibodies

78
Q

Podiatrists exposed to constant nail dust are at risk for developing?

A

conjunctivitis

rhinitis
inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose, caused by a virus infection (e.g. the common cold) or by an allergic reaction (e.g. hay fever).

asthma

persistent cough

occupational lung disease
(Podiatrist’s Lung)

79
Q

% of podiatrists in the United States and Great Britain experience symptoms related to inhaling nail dust.

A

72%

80
Q

Podiatrists in Great Britain are required by law to use…?

Yet?

A

dust extractors attached to their drills

yet they still experience symptomatic responses to nail dust aerosols.

81
Q

Whether aggressively filing or using a high-speed rotary tool to reduce thickened toenails, the foot care nurse MUST?!!

A

take every precaution to protect their self!

82
Q

What can help protect the foot care nurse from nail dust

A

Dust extractors and appropriate masks

83
Q

Masks should…?

A

fit snugly
and
be worn for one patient/client only

84
Q

Exposure to some chemisterilants may?

A

cause side effects such as skin irritations or respiratory sensitivity.

85
Q

Precautions to avoid cause side effects such as skin irritations or respiratory sensitivity secondary to chemisterilants?
(4)

A

use in a well ventilated room

cover containers with solution

routine use of gloves, masks and protective eyewear

follow the manufacturer’s directions for use

86
Q

What should be worn on the hands during foot care?

Why??!

A

Gloves

While providing foot care, the nurse may come into contact with blood or body fluids from an ingrown toenail, an ulcer or if the skin is accidentally breached.

The nurse may also be exposed to bacteria, fungus or viruses during foot care procedures.

87
Q

It is important to note that gloves DO NOT…

A

replace the need for hand washing

88
Q

How often to change gloves?

A

The foot care nurse must not wear the same pair of gloves for the care of more than one client.

89
Q

What should be worn on the face during foot care?

Why??!

A

Eye shields, such as safety glasses or goggles

This helps to protect the nurse against splashes, splintered nails or debris that become airborne.

FOOT - Ax and Intervx (7 decks)

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