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FOOT - Ax and Intervx > Unit 3 - Instruments > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Instruments Flashcards

1
Q

Unique Ingrow Scissor

USED TO

Describe the blades
Autoclavable?
Describe use
Benefits

A

used to cut thick, hard toenails

Blades are stainless steel and serrated
The edge has a slight curve (contour blade which never needs to be sharpened) with blunt points minimizing the risk of injury to the client

Handles are plastic (non-autoclavable, use chemical sterilant) 
or 
stainless steel (autoclavable)

curve can be used pointing towards or away from client’s nail
can be used by R or L handed people

safe and efficient

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2
Q

Mustache Scissor

USED FOR

Describe the blades
Autoclavable?
Side note

A

used for cutting small, thin toenails

straight blades with blunt ends

may be all stainless steel (autoclavable) or may have plastic handles (non-autoclavable)

can be used on pediatric (ewww) clients

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3
Q

Nail Nipper

USED TO (2)

Describe the blades
Options

A

used to remove spicules, or trim away dead skin
strong enough to cut thick and hard nails

spring loaded, small blades

available in a variety of sizes as well as angle and length of blade and handle

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4
Q

Nail Splitter

USED TO

Autoclavable?
Should only be used by?
If used incorrectly?

A

used to cut onychogryphotic (thickened) nails

stainless steel (autoclavable)

should only be used by experienced foot care nurses

if used incorrectly, increases the risk of splitting or cracking the nail

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5
Q

8” Diamond Deb Foot File

USED TO (3)

Describe (2)
Proper use?

A

used to reduce nails in thickness
smooth rough edge on hard, horny nails
can also be used on skin to reduce corns and calluses

large wide metal file used for smoothing nail edge following cutting
has two filing surfaces (course/fine)

file medially/laterally or from dorsum to plantar only

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6
Q

Nail File

USED TO

Autoclavable?
Proper use? (2)

A

used to file rough edge on nails

cannot be sterilized

file medially/laterally or from dorsum to plantar only
individual use only

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7
Q

Single or Double Ended Curette

USED TO (3)

AKA?
Autoclavable?
Options

A

used to define nail edge
elevate spicule in involuted nail
remove detritus from under the nail

detritus = waste or debris of any kind

also known as an excavator

stainless steel (autoclavable)

available in a variety of sizes

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8
Q

used to define nail edge
remove detritus from under the nail
elevate spicule in involuted nail

A

Single or Double Ended Curette

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9
Q

used to file rough edge on nails

A

Nail File

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10
Q

used to reduce nails in thickness
smooth rough edge on hard, horny nails
can also be used on skin to reduce corns and calluses

A

8” Diamond Deb Foot File

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11
Q

used to cut onychogryphotic (thickened) nails

A

Nail splitter

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12
Q

used to remove spicules, or trim away dead skin

strong enough to cut thick and hard nails

A

Nail nipper

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13
Q

used for cutting small, thin toenails

can be used on pediatric (ewww) clients

A

Mustache scissor

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14
Q

used to cut thick, hard toenails

A

Unique ingrow scissor

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15
Q

Black’s File

USED FOR (2)

Describe
Purchase options (2)
Autoclavable?

A

used for filing corners/edges of nail without damaging the surrounding soft tissue or to define the nail edge

filing rough edge on the side of the nail, or define the nail edge without damaging surrounding soft tissue

slender round head single ended file with serrated edge on one side only

available in course or fine grade and a variety of angles

stainless steel (autoclavable)

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16
Q

used for filing corners/edges of nail without damaging the surrounding soft tissue or to define the nail edge

file rough edge on the side of the nail, or define the nail edge without damaging surrounding soft tissue

A

Black’s File

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17
Q

Foot File

USED TO (1)
Benefits?

Describe/Autoclavable?
CANNOT BE?
Therefore?
Can it be cleaned?

Proper use?

A

Foot File

used to reduce calluses and/or corns or remove dry skin
easy for client to use between nurse visits

Plastic or wooden handle (non-autoclavable) with 2 filing surfaces (course/fine)
CANNOT BE STERILIZED
Individual use only
Cleans easily with soap and water

use on dry feet only

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18
Q

used to reduce calluses and/or corns or remove dry skin

A

Foot File

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19
Q

The 10 gram Semmes Weinstein Monofilament

Describe

A

A nylon filament mounted on a handle that has been standardized to deliver a 10 gram force when properly applied

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20
Q

The 10 gram Semmes Weinstein Monofilament

Screening with a monofilament is a…?

A

validated method to assess for peripheral neuropathy and helps determine the risk of foot ulceration.

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21
Q

The 10 gram Semmes Weinstein Monofilament

Screening with a monofilament is a validated method
to assess for peripheral neuropathy and helps determine…>

A

the risk of foot ulceration

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22
Q

Screening with a monofilament is a validated method
to assess for?
and helps determine?

A

Screening with a monofilament is a validated method
to assess for peripheral neuropathy

and

helps determine the risk of foot ulceration

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23
Q

Monofilament screening is part of…?

A

a complete foot exam

as outlined in the Clinical Assessment section

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24
Q

The Dremel (rotary tool)

USED TO (2)

Autoclavable?

A

file rough edge on nails
reduce thickness of nails

cannot be sterilized but is disinfected between clients

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25
Q

Recommended dremel?

 cordless rotary power tool
 2-speed (low – 5,000 RPM) (high – 13,000 RPM)
 small, compact and comfortable to hold and balance with one hand
 the speed/motor and type of accessory used allows the user to “guide” the instrument while applying minimal pressure
 equipped with rechargeable battery pack
 can be effectively cleaned, disinfected and maintained
 it should be noted that any drill bits that come with the Dremel are NOT for foot care use. Podiatric burrs must be purchased separately at a medical supply store.

A

The Dremel Minimite model 750

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26
Q

The Dremel Minimite model 750 has the following characteristics:

Describe

Benefits (3)

A

cordless rotary power tool

small, compact and comfortable to hold and balance with one hand

equipped with rechargeable battery pack

can be effectively cleaned, disinfected and maintained

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27
Q

Can you use drill bits that come with the The Dremel Minimite model 750?

A

Any drill bits that come with the Dremel are NOT for foot care use.

Podiatric burrs
must be purchased separately at a medical supply store.

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28
Q

The Dremel Minimite model 750

Speeds
Why is this good?

A

2-speed (low – 5,000 RPM) (high – 13,000 RPM)

the speed/motor and type of accessory used allows the user to “guide” the instrument while applying minimal pressure

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29
Q

Dremel Precautions/Guidelines for Safe Practice (4)

A

A Nurse MUST maintain control, balance, pressure and speed of Dremel when using the tool.

Read and follow safety rules noted in the owner’s manual

Wear personal protective equipment
(PPE ie: goggles, face mask etc.)

Follow established infection control guidelines following use

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30
Q

Simply put, what is dry skin?

A

Dry skin is simply skin that needs hydrating.

31
Q

Aging skin may be dry and the use of a moisturizer daily will help?

A

prevent fissures and thus the possible introduction of pathogens

32
Q

When it comes to skin, most adults experience?

A

patches of dry skin on their feet

33
Q

Most adults experience patches of dry skin on their feet, especially…?

A

around the heels

34
Q

IN RELATION TO SKIN
When should the client seek medical attention?
Why?

A

When there are changes in the skin
flaking, rash, redness, itching or extremely dry skin that is cracking and/or bleeding

It can increase the risk of contracting a bacterial infection

and client should seek medical attention.

35
Q

When is it advised to apply moisturizing cream or lotion to the feet?
Why?

A

It is advised to apply moisturizing cream or lotion to the feet after bathing to retain the moisture.

36
Q

When applying creams or lotions to the feet

CAUTION is advised to…??
Why?

A

Avoid leaving lotion between the toes or on the nails

Toenails can become soft and spongy,
and
the web spaces become moist and macerated

Increasing the risk of introducing a bacterial or fungal infection.

37
Q

Is it necessary to buy special foot lotions?

A

hand and body lotions work fine

38
Q

What should you look for when buying lotion?

A

For the most natural products that are free of
alcohol
dyes
perfumes
other harsh chemicals that may irritate the skin

39
Q

According to the Public Health Agency of Canada, it is desirable to use

.. If the bottle ,

A

small, single use lotion bottles that can be left with the client

40
Q

According to the Public Health Agency of Canada, it is desirable to use small, single use lotion bottles that can be left with the client.

If the bottle containing the lotion is used on more than one client…?

A

care must be taken to keep the contents free from contaminants

41
Q

According to the Public Health Agency of Canada, it is desirable to use small, single use lotion bottles that can be left with the client.

If the bottle containing the lotion is used on more than one client care must be taken to keep the contents free from contaminants.

How?

A

Squeeze the lotion onto the gloved hand without touching the bottle opening.

42
Q

Humectants are?

A

Ingredients in a lotion that attract water and keep it sealed in the epidermis

43
Q

Example of a humectant?

A

Lanolin

44
Q

Why must Lanolin be used with caution?

A

Lanolin is a humectant (used with caution due to high incidence of allergic reactions)

45
Q

Ingredients in a lotion that attract water and keep it sealed in the epidermis

A

Humectant

46
Q

Is petroleum jelly a moisturizer?

A

petroleum jelly is actually a barrier not a moisturizer

47
Q

What is a good product for sealing in moisture?

A

Vaseline is a good product for sealing in moisture

48
Q

alpha-hydroxy acids

A

natural fruit acids commonly added to creams and lotions to help shed dead skin cells

49
Q

natural fruit acids commonly added to creams and lotions to help shed dead skin cells

A

alpha-hydroxy acids

50
Q

Creams contain?

A

Water

51
Q

Creams are?

Creams are not?

A

Creams are non-greasy.
Creams are not occlusive.

Occlusive agents physically prevent or retard water loss. The most effective occlusive moisturizer is petrolatum. Lanolin, mineral oil, and silicones, such as dimethicone, are also very effective occlusive moisturizers.

52
Q

“Good Creams” per ‘text’ book recommendation (4)

They come in?

A

Lubriderm, Eucerin, Cetaphil and Dermal Therapy

fragrance-free versions

53
Q

Lotions contain?

A

water, alcohol and solvents

54
Q

What is the biggest difference between lotion and cream?

From dermatology website (kleinmd.com), not the ‘text’ book.

A

LOTION
Lotions have a higher water content. A lotion is typically a mix of water and droplets of oil, is lighter weight than cream, and is non-greasy.

CREAM
Like lotion, a cream is a blend of oil and water, but with a higher oil concentration (a 50-50 ratio of water and oil). Creams are thicker in consistency than lotions and provide a barrier that keeps skin ultra-hydrated. Body cream is usually sold in a jar container or tub because of its thickness. Creams do feel greasier than most lotions because of their higher percentage of oil.

55
Q

Uremol 10 (Urea 10%)
Used for?
Does what?
Formulations?

Uremol 20 (Urea 20%)
Used for?
Does what?
Formulations?

Both Uremol 10 and 20 are… (3)

A

dry, scaly, itchy skin
hydrates and protects
available in both cream and lotion formulations

severely dry, scaly, itchy skin
hydrates and soothes
cream

unscented with neutral pH in a vanishing emollient base

56
Q

What do emollients do?
Examples?

***Not from ‘text’ book

A

Fill spaces between skin cells, replacing lipids and smoothing and lubricating rough skin

mineral oil, lanolin and petrolatum

57
Q

What do occlusives do?
Examples?

***Not from ‘text’ book

A

form a film on the top of skin, sealing in cracks and preventing moisture from escaping

oily substances like petroleum jelly and cocoa butter

58
Q

What are effective for managing dry cracked heels?

A

lactic acid lotions

59
Q

Example of a lactic acid lotion?

A

LacHydrin

60
Q

What is Alcojel?

A

an alcohol-based lotion that contains an emollient and lubricant

61
Q

What does Alcojel do?

A

It cools hot, sweating feet.

62
Q

Alcojel is useful for clients with…?

A

bromhidrosis

63
Q

Alcojel contains?

Therefore?

A

70% Isopropyl Alcohol

therefore will dry out the skin if used frequently

64
Q

All clients should have ____________________ before routine foot care procedures.

A

All clients should have their feet cleaned with an antiseptic before routine foot care procedures.

65
Q

Intact skin should be ________ prior to routine foot care procedures.

What are less likely to cause a reaction?

What has a wider antimicrobial action?

A

Intact skin should be cleaned prior to routine foot care procedures.

Skin antiseptics such as 
alcohol 
or 
chlorhexidine 
are less likely to cause a reaction.

Providone iodine has a wider antimicrobial action.

66
Q

What may be used for damaged skin that requires cleaning?

A

Combined detergent / disinfectants may be used for damaged skin that requires cleaning.

67
Q

Products that can be used to clean the feet and nails include: (3)


 cool mist (skin antiseptic) may be applied to foot or nails prior to cutting and is effective in cleaning between the toes.

A

isopropyl alcohol

tersaseptic (0.5% Triclosan)

cool mist (skin anticeptic)

68
Q

Isopropyl alcohol may be used to?

It is especially effective in?

A

clean foot or nails prior to cutting

cleaning between the toes to remove foul smelling detritus

69
Q

To help dry web spaces, what are clients with Athlete’s Foot are advised to do?

A

Swab between their toes with 70% alcohol after washing/drying feet well

70
Q

Tersaseptic (0.5% Triclosan) is?

Can be used as?

A

an antibacterial skin cleanser that reduces bacteria and prevents infection

a foot soak for clients with Athlete’s Foot

71
Q

Tersaseptic (0.5% Triclosan) foot soak for clients with Athlete’s Foot

A

one capful diluted in 6–8 to 1 litre of water

soak for ten minutes

2 or 3 times a week

72
Q

The use of foot soaks is controversial.

Why?

Why so for clients with diabetes?

A

Over soaking can lead to macerated skin that breaks down easily.

Impaired skin integrity may result in infection.

With diabetes there is an added risk of scalding the insensate foot if the water temperature is not monitored before immersion.

73
Q

The use of foot soaks is controversial.

What is the nurse’s responsibility?

A

The nurse must educate the client on the risks involved with foot soaks.

74
Q

If the client does perform foot soaks independently, the foot care nurse should advise them of what? (2)

A

not to soak for more than 10 minutes

to test water temperature with inner wrist prior to soaking

FOOT - Ax and Intervx (7 decks)

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