Unit 2 KA 1 ✓ Flashcards
Field Techniques (26 cards)
What is a Hazard?
A hazard is something that has the potential to cause harm
e.g. A shark is a hazard, it could potentially cause harm
What is a Risk?
A risk is the likelihood of a hazard causing harm
e.g. Going in the water with a shark is a risk, its likely to cause harm
What is an Indicator species?
An indicator species is a species whose presence, absence or abundance can provide information on environmental qualities, such as the presence of pollutants
e.g. The presence/absence of certain lichen can indicate air quality
What is a susceptible indicator species?
A susceptible indicator species is a species whos absence, or reduced population, indicates a species is susceptible to a factor in the environment
What is a favourable indicator species?
A favourable indicator species is a species whos presence or increased population indicates it is favoured by a factor in the environment
What is an Ethogram?
An ethogram is a catalogue of behaviours/actions that are shown/carried out by a species. In the wild this allows a time budget to be constructed
What is a Time budget?
A time budget is the proportion of time an animal spends on different behaviours
When quanitfying animal behaviour:
What it is Latency?
Latency is the time betwrrn the stimulus occuring and the response behaviour
When quanitfying animal behaviour:
What is Frequency?
Frequency is the number of times a behaviour occurs within the observation period
When quantifying animal behaviour:
What is Duration?
Duration is the length of time each behaviour occurs for during the observation period
What is Anthropomorphism?
Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human characteristics/motivations/emotions to animals (non-humans). This can lead to invalid conclusions about animal behaviour and its causes
e.g. Feeling happy/sad, smiling
What is Taxonomy?
Taxonomy inolves the identification and naming of organisms and their classification into groups based on shared characteristics like structure or form (morphology)
e.g Birds, butterflies and bats all have wings, a shared charracteristic
What is Phylogenetics?
Phylogenetics is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among individuals or groups of organisms
e.g. Foxes and dogs both share an ancestor, the wolf
What is Morphology?
Morphology is the form/structure of an organism, or part of an organism
What is divergent evolution?
Divergent evolution is the process by which a single ancestor species diverges into 2+ descendant species. This results in a once related species becoming increasingly dissimiliar over time. (Speciation)
e.g. Foxes and dogs descended from wolves
What is convergent evolution?
Convergent evolution is the precess whereby organisms that are not closely related independantly evolve similiar traits over time as a result of having to adapt to similiar niches.
e.g. Birds, butterflies and bats, not closely related, all evolved wings
What is Taxonomic grouping?
Taxonomic grouping are groups of organisms that are classified by their morphology and/or phylogenetic history
What is a Model organism?
A model organism are organisms that are either easily studied, or very well studied
e.g. Mice, rats, zebrafish
What formula is used to estimate population size?
The formula N=MC/R is used to estimate population size
When using the mark-capture-release method:
How would a populations size be overestimated?
A populations size would be overestimated if R is too low. This would happen due to a marking error
e.g. The marking placed on the organism washed off
When using the mark-capture-release method:
How would a populations size be underestimated?
A populations size would be underestimated if R is too high. This would happen due to inadequate dispersal from the release site
e.g. Marked organisms weren’t given enough time to re-ntegrate
Taxanomic groupings:
What grouping includes vertebrates and sea squirts? (All have a notochord at some point in their development)
(A vertebrate is an animal with a backbone)
Taxanomic grouping:
What grouping includes E.coli?
Bacteria
Taxanomic groupings:
What grouping includes C.elegans? (Round worms)
Nematode
