Unit 3 KA 1-3 ✓ Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is a Hypothesis?
A hypothesis is an idea of what you expect to happen in a set of circumstances, it must be testable
What is a Null hypothesis?
A null hypothesis is a proposal that there won’t be any statistically significant effect as a result of the experiment treatment
What is a Primary paper?
A primary paper is a report on the results of an experiment, written by the person/group who performed it
What is a Review article?
A review article summarises current knowledge and recent findings in a particular field
Used to describe data:
What is Validity?
Validity is when variables are controlled so any measured effect is likely due to the independant variable
Used to describe data:
What is Reliability?
Reliability is when the values are consistent in repeats and independant replicates
Used to describe data:
What is Accuracy?
Accuracy is when data, or means of data sets are close to the true value
NOTE: the mean of a data set is the average
Used to describe data:
What is Precision?
Precision is when measured values are close to each other
What is an Independant variable?
An independant variable is the variable that is changed in a scientific experiment
What is a Dependant variable?
A dependant variable is the the variable being measured in a scientifc experiment
REVISION from Higher Human Biology
What are Discrete and Continous measurements?
Discrete measurements fall into distinct categories
Continous mesaurements have a range of values between a minimum and a maximum
e.g. Eye colour, hair colour
e.g. Height, Handspan
What is a Confounding variable?
A confounding variable is a variable besides the independant variable that may affect the dependant variable
What is a Negative control?
A negative control provides results in the absence of a treatment
What is a Positive control?
A postive control is a treatment that is included to check that the system/equipment can detect positive results when they occur
What is the Placebo effect?
A placebo is a specific type of negative control only used in human studies. The placebo effect is a measurable change in the dependant variable as a results of the patient’s expectations, despite there being no change in treatment
What are In vivo and In vitro studies?
An in vivo study is experimentation using a whole, living organism
An in vitro study is a procedure performed in a controlled environment outside of a living organism
NOTE: Think about IVF (in vitro fertilisation) - occurs outside the body
What is a Representative sample?
A representative sample is a sample with the same mean and the same degree of variation about the mean as the population as a whole
In terms of Sampling methods -
What is Random sampling
Random sampling is where members of the population have an equal chance of being selected
In terms of Sampling methods -
What is Systematic sampling?
Systematic sampling is when members of the population are selected at regular intervals
In terms of Sampling methods -
What is Stratified sampling?
Stratified sampling is when the population is divided into categories that are then sampled proportionally
In terms of presenting data -
What is Qualitative data?
Qualitative data is subjective and descriptive
e.g. The colour of a leaf, or the softness of fur
NOTE: “feely” data
In terms of presenting data -
What is Quantitive data?
Quantitive data can be measured with a numerical value
e.g. The concentration of a solution, the time taken
NOTE: “numbery” data
In terms of presenting data -
What is Ranked data?
Ranked data is when numerical data is replaced with their rank and sorted lowest to highest
e.g. 3rd, 2nd, 1st
REVISION
What is the Mean, Median and Mode of a data set?
The mean of a data set is the average
The median is the mid-point
The mode is the most common data point
