Unit 2: KS 1- The Cell Cycle

Question 1

What is the purpose of The Cell Cycle?

Answer 1

To allow somatic cells to divide

Question 2

What occurs in Step 1 of CC?

Answer 2

Interphase (DNA replication and cell growth)

Question 3

What occurs in Step 2 of CC?

Answer 3

Mitosis

Question 4

What occurs in Step 3 of CC?

Answer 4

Cytokinesis (Division of cytoplasm)

Question 5

What occurs in each sub-stage of the Interphase?

Answer 5

G1- Cell Growth
S- DNA Replication
G2- Cell Growth

Question 6

What are the 4 phases of Mitosis in order?

Answer 6

P-Prophase
M-Metaphase
A-Anaphase
T-Telophase

Question 7

What is the purpose of Mitosis?

Answer 7

To produce identical daughter cells as original/parent

Question 8

How many daughter cells are produced in Mitosis?

Answer 8

2

Question 9

What is a somatic cell?

Answer 9

Any cell other then germline cell (sperm or egg)

Question 10

What is Asexual Reproduction?

Answer 10

Reproduction without sex

Question 11

Name 3 ADVANTAGES of Asexual Reproduction

Answer 11

Rapid Population Growth
Single Parent Organism
Uses little energy

Question 12

Name 3 DISADVANTAGES of Asexual Reproduction

Answer 12

Little Genetic Variation
Rapid Population Growth (may lead to competition for resources)
Any mutation in parent will be passed on

Question 13

Name 5 ways of Asexual Reproduction

Answer 13

Binary Fission (splits into 2 equal parts, then grows)
Splitting (splits into many parts, organisms grow from part)
Spore Formation (organism breaks into multiple pieces to be carried away and grow)
Budding (new organisms form off of parent)
Vegetative Propagation (creating new plants from stems/leaves/roots of parent organism)

Question 14

What is the purpose of Meiosis?

Answer 14

Cell division which creates gametes, all being genetically different

Question 15

What are the Gametes and Gonads in males and femals

Answer 15

Female Gamete = Eggs, Female Gonad = Ovaries

Male Gamete = Sperm, Male Gonad = Testes

Question 16

What is the Diploid number?

Answer 16

Total number of chromosomes in a somatic cell. 2n

Question 17

What is the Haploid number?

Answer 17

Total number of chromosomes in a germline cell/gamete n

Question 18

What is the process of sperm production called?

Answer 18

Spermatogenisis

Question 19

How long does it take to produce 1 sperm cell?

Answer 19

64-72 days

produced from puberty until death

Question 20

What is the process of egg production called?

Answer 20

Oogenesis

Eggs released from puberty until menapause

Question 21

What does Antenatal mean?

Answer 21

Human pre-birth development

Question 22

What does Gestational Age mean?

Answer 22

Length of pregnancy from last menstruation

Question 23

Where does fertilisation of an egg occur?

Answer 23

Fallopian Tube

Question 24

What is Nondisjunction?

Answer 24

Occurs when Chromosomes fail to separate properly

Question 25

ADVANTAGES of Sexual Reproduction

Answer 25

- Genetic Diversity | - Equips population with ability to survive change

Question 26

DISADVANTAGES of Sexual Reproduction

Answer 26

- Energy Requirements (must find and secure a mate) | - Elaborate Courtship

Question 27

What does Gastrulation mean?

Answer 27

Organisation of inner cell mass into three primary germ layers.

Question 28

What are the 3 primary germ layers?

Answer 28

1. Ectoderm 2. Mesoderm 3. Endoderm

Question 29

What are the Primary Germ layers made of?

Answer 29

Stem Cells

Question 30

What are the 3 types of Stem Cells?

Answer 30

Totipotent, Pluripotent and Multipotent

Question 31

What is a teratogen?

Answer 31

A factor which can cause a malformation in an embryo.

Question 32

At which stage of the Interphase does DNA synthesis occur?

Answer 32

S stage of Interphase

Question 33

What does undifferentiated mean?

Answer 33

Stem Cell has not yet turned into a specific cell

Question 34

Embryonic Stem Cells are considered to be...

Answer 34

Totipotent

Question 35

What cells can be produced from each primary germ layer?

Answer 35

Ectoderm- Skin Cell Mesoderm- Blood Cell Endoderm- Lung Cell

Question 36

What are the 3 main stages that occur during human prenatal development?

Answer 36

Zygote, Embryo & Foetus

Question 37

What are the 2 main components of the blastocyst?

Answer 37

Fluid and Outer Layer

Question 38

What is a blastocyst?

Answer 38

A fluid filled structure with an inner cell mass surrounded by an outer layer of cells

Question 39

How long is the embryonic period?

Answer 39

Approx 9 weeks following fertilisation

Question 40

How long is the fetal period?

Answer 40

From 9 weeks until birth

Question 41

How do Stem Cells divide?

Answer 41

Mitosis

Question 42

What is a difference between a cancerous cell and a normal cell?

Answer 42

Cancerous cells do not respond to signals telling them to stop dividing

Question 43

What is a source of Embryonic Stem Cells?

Answer 43

From inner cell mass in blastocyst

Question 44

What is a mutagen?

Answer 44

An environmental factor that causes genetic mutations

Question 45

What is recombination (crossing over)

Answer 45

Process of generating new combinations of alleles (genetic variation)

Question 46

Where does recombination occur in Meiosis?

Answer 46

Prophase I

Question 47

What occurs in Cytokinesis?

Answer 47

Cytoplasm is equally divided between daughter cells