Unit 2 - Lab & Field

Question 1

an environment specifically created for research

Answer 1

lab

Question 2

the “natural” environment of the participants

Answer 2

field

Question 3

Lab-lab studies allow for ______________: varying the IV to understand more about “how” and “why”

Answer 3

systematic exploration

Question 4

Lab-lab studies allow for more control over the _______, created stronger internal validity.

Answer 4

IV

Question 5

Lab-lab studies allow for easier measurement of the _________ (less noise)

Answer 5

DV

Question 6

Lab-lab studies are in an artificial setting, causing threats to ___________ validity

Answer 6

external/ecological

Question 7

Lab-lab studies may cause participant _____________ (demand characteristics)

Answer 7

reactivity

Question 8

What are the four elements of a true experiment?

Answer 8

1. Random assignment
2. Pre-test
3. Control
4. Post-test

Question 9

Ensures that subject variables are evenly distributed across the two groups

Answer 9

random assignment

Question 10

Field-field studies are conducted in a natural setting, creating strong _____________ validity.

Answer 10

ecological/external

Question 11

In Field-field studies it can be difficult to control the _________ and hard to accurately measure the ________.

Answer 11

IV, DV

Question 12

Lab-field studies allow control of the ________ and ___________ in measuring the DV.

Answer 12

IV, ecological validity

Question 13

Lab-field studies can create ___________ of IV and it can be hard to accurately measure the _______.

Answer 13

artificiality, DV

Question 14

Field-lab studies create a natural setting for the _________ and rigorous measurement for the _______.

Answer 14

IV, DV

Question 15

Field-lab studies can cause loss of naturalness and controlness, meaning the _____________ of the DV is measured.

Answer 15

artificiality

Question 16

Internal validity and external/ecological validity are often at odds. Using a combination of methods makes results more __________ and __________.

Answer 16

conclusive, generalizable

Question 17

What are the two examples of qualitative approaches to observational research?

Answer 17

verbal summaries (narrative) and case studies

Question 18

In-depth analysis of a single interesting (unusual) case

Answer 18

case-studies

Question 19

____________ approaches to observational research can make it easier to compare behaviors but may sacrifice details.

Answer 19

quantitative

Question 20

Type of observational research that used both quantitative and qualitative observation

Answer 20

mixed methods research

Question 21

What are the three methods of coding behavior?

Answer 21

1. Frequency
2. Latency
3. Duration

Question 22

Measures how often a behavior occurs within a set period of time

Answer 22

frequency

Question 23

measures how much time passed before a given behavior occurs

Answer 23

latency

Question 24

Measures how long each behavior lasts

Answer 24

Duration

Question 25

Observes how variables are "naturally" related to one another (non-experimental research)

Answer 25

correlational research

Question 26

In correlational research, there is no true ______.

Answer 26

IV

Question 27

The NICHD study found that children who spent more time in __________ care had higher vocabulary scores. Children who spent more time in __________ care had more externalizing behaviors.

Answer 27

high-quality, center-based

Question 28

Correlational research occurs in the real world, is good for studying variables that cannot be manipulated, and can study a wide range of _________.

Answer 28

variation

Question 29

In correlational research, there is no experimental control and no way to make ________ conclusions.

Answer 29

causal

Question 30

__________ between 2 variables is NECESSARY but not SUFFICIENT for ____________

Answer 30

correlation, causation

Question 31

A statistical relationship between two variables

Answer 31

correlation

Question 32

a statistic that describes how strongly variables are related

Answer 32

correlation coefficient

Question 33

the most common correlation coefficient

Answer 33

Pearson r

Question 34

Increases in the values of one variable are associated with increases in the second variable

Answer 34

positive correlational relationship

Question 35

Increases in the values of one variable are associated with decreases in the second variable

Answer 35

negative correlational research

Question 36

Increases in the values of one variable are associated with both increases and decreases of the second variable

Answer 36

Curvilinear correlational research