Unit 2 Medical Terminology

Question 1

Is any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight)

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

Matter has three basic forms:

Answer 2

solid, liquid, gas

Question 3

Which state of matter has a definite shape and volume?

Answer 3

solid

Question 4

Which state of matter has definite volume but lacks shape?

Answer 4

liquid

Question 5

Which state of matter lacks both volume and shape?

Answer 5

gas

Question 6

One way scientist classify matter is by its

Answer 6

Composition

Question 7

All matter can be classified as

Answer 7

compounds, elements, and mixtures

Question 8

Which classification is any pure substance that can be broken down by chemical means into two or more different simpler substances?

Answer 8

compound

Question 9

Which classification is a simplest form of pure substance. They cannot be broken into anything else by
physical or chemical means?

Answer 9

element

Question 10

Which classification consist of two or more substances that are not chemically combined with each other and can be separated by physical means?

Answer 10

mixtures

Question 11

This commonly defined as the ability to do work or to put matter into motion, is massless and does not take up space

Answer 11

Energy

Question 12

Energy at work is referred to as

Answer 12

kinetic energy

Question 13

Energy that is inactive or stored is referred to as

Answer 13

potential energy

Question 14

This is defined as the smallest particle of an element that possesses the chemical properties of that element

Answer 14

atom

Question 15

The three parts of an atom are the

Answer 15

electron, proton, and neutron

Question 16

The number of protons in a nucleus is called the

Answer 16

atomic number

Question 17

The protons and neutrons are found in the

Answer 17

nucleus of the atom

Question 18

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom is called

Answer 18

mass number

Question 19

The number of what is equal to the difference between the mass number of the atom and the atomic number?

Answer 19

Neutron

Question 20

The number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to the

Answer 20

number of protons

Question 21

What is defined as the microscopic unit of structure of all living things?

Answer 21

a cell

Question 22

Neither chlorophyll nor a ____ is present in animal cells

Answer 22

cell wall

Question 23

Substances must pass through which typical animal cell component to get into the cell?

Answer 23

Cell membrane

Question 24

This component lies within the cell and stores information that guides the life processes of the cell

Answer 24

nucleus

Question 25

At the time of cell division, the chromatin material collects into individual structures known as

Answer 25

chromosomes

Question 26

Chromosomes are composed of both

Answer 26

nucleic acid and protein

Question 27

The basic units of heredity that pass from parents to their children are called

Answer 27

genes

Question 28

Which organelles are the “powerhouses” of the animal cell?

Answer 28

Mitochondria

Question 29

Which organelles resembles a circulatory system for the individual cell?

Answer 29

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 30

Which organelles are granular particle “protein factories” in the cell?

Answer 30

ribosomes

Question 31

Which organelles play a major role in cell division?

Answer 31

centrioles

Question 32

Which organelles are membrane-bound spheres that contain enzymes that can digest intracellular structures or foreign substances

Answer 32

lysosomes

Question 33

Cell multiplication is accomplished through a process called

Answer 33

mitosis

Question 34

What term describes when there is an increase in the size of the individual cell. No new cells are formed

Answer 34

hypertrophy

Question 35

An example of this is when increased tissue mass can also result from greater numbers of cells

Answer 35

hyperplasia

Question 36

This is the loss of cellular mass or a wasting away of the cell

Answer 36

atrophy

Question 37

The release of stored energy from the combination of glucose and other nutrients with oxygen is called

Answer 37

metabolic oxidation

Question 38

What do we call the body’s tendency to maintain a steady state of balance?

Answer 38

Homeostasis

Question 39

When a cell is in its resting state, what status are the charges inside and outside the cell?

Answer 39

More positive outside and negative inside

Question 40

What is the main constituent of the human body and is often considered to be a universal solvent?

Answer 40

water

Question 41

The human body obtains water in two primary ways:

Answer 41

drinking metabolic oxidation

Question 42

The extracellular fluid found between the cells is called the tissue fluid or

Answer 42

interstitial fluid

Question 43

Are chemicals that dissociate (break up) into ions (charged particles) when they are dissolved

Answer 43

Electrolytes

Question 44

If the overall electrolyte concentration is greater in extracellular fluid than in intracellular fluid, the fluid is

Answer 44

hypertonic

Question 45

If the overall electrolyte concentration is lesser in extracellular fluid than in intracellular fluid, the fluid is

Answer 45

hypotonic

Question 46

Molecules of either gases, liquids, or solids readily pass through the cell membrane from an area of higher molecular concentration to an area of lower molecular concentration until equilibrium is reached

Answer 46

diffusion

Question 47

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 47

osmosis

Question 48

Movement of water and small solute particles from area of high pressure to area of low pressure

Answer 48

filtration

Question 49

Phagocytosis is also known as

Answer 49

"cell eating"

Question 50

Pinocytosis is also known as

Answer 50

"cell drinking"

Question 51

The electrical activity that occurs in stimulated neuron or muscle fiber and involves depolarization and subsequent repolarization is called the

Answer 51

Action potential

Question 52

Tissues that are grouped together to perform a common function are called

Answer 52

organs

Question 53

When organs are grouped together to perform a specific function, they are part of an

Answer 53

organ system

Question 54

A tissue that covers surfaces, lines cavities, and forms glands

Answer 54

Epithelial tissue

Question 55

Epithelial tissue can be found in the

Answer 55

intestines

Question 56

What is the dense connective tissue that holds the bones together at a joint?

Answer 56

Ligament

Question 57

What is the dense connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

Answer 57

tendon

Question 58

These fibers are also the main component of dense connective tissue found in mucous membranes and nerves; they are tough and resistant, but flexible to a pulling force

Answer 58

Collagenous

Question 59

These fibers are smaller than collagenous fibers and provide strength and stretching ability. They are found in the walls in arteries, lung tissue, and bronchial tubes

Answer 59

elastic

Question 60

These fibers are very thin, provide support and strength, and form the framework for many soft organs

Answer 60

reticular

Question 61

This subclasses of loose connective tissue has four functions to include supporting and binding other tissues, holding body fluids, defending against infection, and storing nutrients as fat

Answer 61

Areolar connective tissue

Question 62

This subclasses of loose connective tissue provides reserve food fuel, insulates against heat loss, and supports and protects organs

Answer 62

Adipose (fat) tissue

Question 63

This subclasses of loose connective tissue forms a soft internal skeleton that supports white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages

Answer 63

Reticular connective tissues

Question 64

There are three types of cartilage in the human body: (1) hyaline cartilage, (2) elastic cartilage, and (3)

Answer 64

fibrocartilage

Question 65

The most unusual form of connective tissue

Answer 65

blood

Question 66

These muscle tissues are voluntary because they can be made to contract through conscious control

Answer 66

Skeletal

Question 67

This muscle tissue makes up the myocardium or wall of the heart and is under involuntary control

Answer 67

cardiac

Question 68

This muscle tissue is generally found in the walls of hollow organs and under involuntary control

Answer 68

smooth

Question 69

A collection of cells that respond to stimuli and transmit information concerning sensory feeling or motor control of muscles

Answer 69

nervous tissue

Question 70

Is the cell of the nervous tissue that actually picks up and transmits a signal from one part of the body to another

Answer 70

neuron

Question 71

Is a junction between two neurons and is the point at which a signal passes from one neuron to the next

Answer 71

synapse

Question 72

Are special cells that support and protect the nervous system

Answer 72

neuroglia or glia cells