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Unit 3: Medical Entomology Flashcards

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1
Q

Prevent and control vector-borne diseases by eliminating disease vectors, reservoirs, blocking transmission of pathogens to susceptible hosts, and protecting susceptible hosts

A

goals of the medical entomology program

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2
Q

What instruction outlines the pest management program for the base civil engineer?

A

AFI 32–1053

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3
Q

What instruction outlines the Air Force’s Medical Entomology Program?

A

AFI 48–102

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4
Q

Who establishes the surveillance frequencies for disease vectors?

A

Aerospace Medicine Council

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5
Q

What are primary PH tasks during an aerial spray mission?

A

Educating the public and pre- and post-treatment vector surveillance

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6
Q

Provide technical information concerning the safe storage and use of pesticides and review integrated pest management plan before submission to MAJCOM/CE. Monitors acquisition, storage, and environmental impact of pesticides for CE pest management shop, commissary and Base Exchange

A

BE responsibilities in the medical entomology program

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7
Q

The science of classification

A

taxonomy

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8
Q

What is the next lower subdivision of a phylum?

A

Class

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9
Q

What subdivision comes after order?

A

Family

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10
Q

What subdivision is before genus?

A

Family

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11
Q

In most cases, what is the last major division in the classification system?

A

Species

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12
Q

What is the stiff outer skeleton in arthropods called?

A

Exoskeleton

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13
Q

What are the three regions of an insect’s body?

A

The head, thorax, and abdomen

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14
Q

What are the four stages of complete metamorphosis?

A

Egg, larva, pupa, and adult

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15
Q

A brief description of anatomical features used to identify insects

A

written insect key

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16
Q

Which organisms does the Air Force consider “pests?”

A

Organisms that are in the wrong place at the wrong time

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17
Q

A combination of control techniques to prevent or suppress pests

A

integrated pest management

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18
Q

What form of pest control relies on changing the environment?

A

Cultural

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19
Q

Using methods to kill or separate arthropods from their food source

A

“mechanical” pest control

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20
Q

Who may use “restricted use” pesticides?

A

A certified applicator, or someone under the supervision of a certified applicator

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21
Q

Which type of pesticides has a low toxicity for mammals and is widely replacing all other types of pesticides?

A

Pyrethroids

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22
Q

Where do mosquito larvae develop?

A

In water

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23
Q

What percentage of adult mosquitoes are typically male?

A

50%

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24
Q

What sex of mosquito has bushy antennae?

A

Male

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25
What mosquito genera are the two primary vectors of encephalitis in CONUS?
Culex and Aedes
26
What is the most common mosquito-borne disease in CONUS?
West Nile encephalitis
27
Which encephalitis group includes Snowshoe Hare, LaCrosse, and Jamestown Canyon viruses?
California
28
What are thought to be the most common reservoirs of WNV, SLE, EEE, and WEE?
Wild birds
29
What is another name for dengue fever?
Break bone fever
30
What genus of mosquito transmits dengue fever?
Aedes
31
What are the three control measures for dengue fever?
Education, vector avoidance, and environmental clean up
32
What are the symptoms of yellow fever?
Fever, headache, backache, jaundice, and internal bleeding
33
P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. Knowelsi
five species of malaria
34
What are the three stages of malaria?
Cold, hot, and profuse sweating
35
What is the incubation period for falciparum malaria?
10 to 18 days
36
What form of malaria can cause rapid death if left untreated?
Falciparum malaria
37
What forms of malaria have relapses?
Vivax, malariae, and ovale
38
What chemoprophylaxis for malaria is typically prescribed for flight crew?
Malarone® and Doxycycline
39
What should you complete prior to establishing or revitalizing your surveillance program?
Conduct a baseline entomology survey
40
What are the important things to remember when locating the adult mosquito traps on base?
Locate them between populated areas and breeding sources, away from competing light sources, protected from wind, and approximately 6 feet above ground
41
What device is used to collect live specimens in adult mosquito traps?
A net
42
What does the SSAM trap use to attract mosquitoes?
Light, CO2, or light and CO2
43
What are the advantages of a CO2-baited trap over a light-baited SSAM trap?
CO2 traps attract more species of mosquitoes, larger numbers of mosquitoes and more female mosquitoes
44
Why would you operate a CO2-baited trap during daylight hours?
To catch the species of mosquitoes that are active in the late morning and early evening
45
Generally, when should you sample larval mosquito collection sites?
Weekly
46
What two mosquito species are collected primarily with an ovitrap?
Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus
47
What is a TI?
The average number of females caught per trap night
48
What is an STI?
The average population of a specific species or particular group of mosquitoes caught in a trap per trap night
49
What are the four types of mosquito control?
Cultural, mechanical, chemical, and biological
50
What is one of the best mosquito cultural control methods?
Filling in low-lying wet areas with gravel and dirt to eliminate breeding sites
51
What are the two methods of chemical control used on adult mosquitoes?
Residual treatment and fogging
52
What predator is most widely used for feeding on mosquito larvae?
Gambusia affinis
53
In many cases, what is your best defense against vectorborne disease?
Personal protection
54
What are the common names for the three distinct varieties of lice that infect humans?
Head, body, and crab or pubic lice
55
What is the most medically important louse?
Body louse
56
What is the most effective method of prevention for all lice?
Education
57
What are the two major categories of flies?
Biting flies and filth flies
58
To which of the two major groups of flies does a sand fly belong?
Biting
59
On or by their mouthparts, through vomitus, on their body hairs, on the sticky pads of their feet, and through their feces
five ways flies spread diseases
60
What is the most effective fly control measure?
Proper sanitation to eliminate breeding places
61
In what insect order are fleas classified?
Siphonaptera
62
What diseases are fleas responsible for transmitting?
Plague and endemic typhus
63
What are the two major groups of ticks?
Hard and soft
64
What are the four major groups of diseases that are spread by ticks?
Rickettsial bacteria, spirochete bacteria, other bacteria and viruses
65
Use small forceps or tweezers to grasp as far forward on the mouthparts as possible, and then carefully pull it off with an upward even pressure
most effective method for removing a tick
66
What stage are chiggers in when they feed on humans and animals?
Larval
67
What are the two major groups of diseases transmitted by mites?
Scrub typhus and rickettsial pox
68
What species of mite transmits scrub typhus?
Chigger
69
Which mites burrow and live in human skin?
Scabies
70
What color are German cockroaches?
Pale yellowish brown or tan
71
Where are American cockroaches most often found?
In commercial establishments
72
Why are Oriental cockroach populations at a somewhat lower level?
They reproduce at a slower rate than the other species
73
How many venomous snakes are there in the United States?
More than 20
74
Hemolytic toxin, neurotoxin, urticating toxin, vesicating toxin, and hemorrhagic toxin
five basic types of venom that arthropods and snakes produce
75
What three things do venomous arthropods do to cause pain and swelling?
Bite, sting, or produce fluids
76
What type of venom produces blisters on the skin?
Vesicating toxin
77
What is the one control method that is effective against all venomous arthropods?
Avoidance
78
What is the most common species of mouse?
House mouse
79
What do the droppings (feces) of a house mouse look like?
Small and rod shaped
80
Black to slate gray; tawny above with a grayish white belly; and tawny above with a white to lemon-colored belly
three color patterns found in roof rats
81
Plague leptospirosis, hantaviruses, scrub typhus, tularemia, salmonellosis, rat-bite fever, and rat meningeal worms
rodent-borne diseases that can be related to rodent infestations
82
What are the three types of plague that affect humans?
Bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic
83
Which of the three types of plague affects the lymph nodes?
Bubonic
84
When did the Air Force establish the Plague Surveillance Prevention Program?
1977
85
What are the symptoms with most cases of leptospirosis?
Either there are no symptoms, or symptoms are mild and flu-like
86
What is the case fatality proportion for hantavirus infections?
40 to 70 percent
87
Where in CONUS have cases of hantavirus occurred?
20 western states and sporadically in eastern regions
88
Besides sighting a rodent, what is one of the best indicators of a rodent infestation?
The presence of rat or mouse feces
89
What color are rodent feces, typically?
The color varies according to the kind of food eaten, but it is usually black
90
How wide are rat and mouse pathways?
2 to 3 inches
91
Where are most rodent rub marks found?
Along walls, under boards, behind stored objects and accumulated litter, and in similar places
92
How can you determine if a rodent run is new or old?
Fresh rub marks and smears are soft when you scratch them; old ones are brittle and may flake off
93
To identify tracks, how deep do you spread powder (or flour) on a rodent run?
1/8-inch or less
94
What type of trap is recommended for trapping rodents around children and in food service facilities?
Glue board
95
Place them into a 5-ml blood-collection vial containing 70-percent alcohol; push rubber stopper into neck of the vile; and remove the air bubble by topping off the alcohol
packing ectoparasites for shipment

N/A (13 decks)

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