Unit 2 multicellular organisms

Question 1

What is variation

Answer 1

The differences between species

Question 2

What makes variation discrete

Answer 2

When the measurements fall into distinct groups

Question 3

What makes variation continuous

Answer 3

When there is a range of values between a maximum and a minimum

Question 3

What inheritance causes discrete variation

Answer 3

Single gene inheritance

Question 4

What inheritance causes continuous variation

Answer 4

Polygenic inheritance

Question 5

What is a gene

Answer 5

A short strand of DNA that codes for a protein

Question 6

What is the name for different versions of the same gene

Answer 6

Alleles

Question 7

What does phenotype mean

Answer 7

The physical description e.g. blue eyes

Question 8

What does genotype mean

Answer 8

The allele description e.g BB

Question 9

What does homozygous mean

Answer 9

Both alleles are the same e.g. BB or bb

Question 10

What does heterozygous mean

Answer 10

Both alleles are different e.g. Bb

Question 11

What are some examples of discrete variation

Answer 11

Eye colour, hair colour, petal colour in plants

Question 12

What are some examples of continuous variation

Answer 12

Height in humans, leaf length in plants

Question 13

What does xylem transport

Answer 13

Water in plants

Question 14

What is the name of the substance that strengthens xylem

Answer 14

Lignin

Question 15

What does phloem transport in plants

Answer 15

Sugar

Question 16

What are cells associated with phloem called

Answer 16

Companion cells

Question 17

What is the structure found in phloem called

Answer 17

Sieve plates

Question 18

What is the top layer of tissue in a leaf called

Answer 18

The upper epidermis

Question 19

Where in the leaf does most photosynthesis take place

Answer 19

Palisade mesophyll

Question 20

What is the spongy mesophyll in leafs

Answer 20

A layer of cells with spaces for gases to diffuse in and out of the plant

Question 21

What is the bottom layer of the leaf called

Answer 21

The lower epidermis

Question 22

What is the stomata

Answer 22

Structures on the underside of a leaf that allow water to evaporate out of the plant

Question 23

What are guard cells

Answer 23

Cells that control opening and closing of the stomata

Question 24

What is the name for the process of water moving through a plant and it’s evaporation through the stomata

Answer 24

Transpiration

Question 25

Is the xylem made up of living or dead tissue

Answer 25

Dead

Question 26

Is the phloem made up of living or dead tissue

Answer 26

Living

Question 27

What is the direction of transport in the xylem

Answer 27

Upwards only

Question 28

What is the direction of transport in the phloem

Answer 28

Up and down the plant

Question 29

What are the organs of a plant

Answer 29

Roots, stem, leaves.

Question 30

What is the name of the liquid that carries the blood cells

Answer 30

Plasma

Question 31

What do red blood cells do

Answer 31

Carry oxygen

Question 32

What if the function of white blood cells

Answer 32

To destroy pathogens

Question 33

What is a phagocyte

Answer 33

A type of white blood cell that engulfs pathogens

Question 34

What are pathogens

Answer 34

A microorganism that causes disease

Question 35

What is the white blood cells that makes antibodies

Answer 35

Lymphocyte

Question 36

What are the two upper chambers of the heart called

Answer 36

The atriums

Question 37

What are the ventricles

Answer 37

Lower two chambers of the heart

Question 38

What does a valve do

Answer 38

Prevents the back flow of blood

Question 39

What is the largest vein in the body called

Answer 39

The vena cava

Question 40

What is the largest artery in the body called

Answer 40

The aorta

Question 41

What is the pulmonary artery

Answer 41

The blood vessel that takes blood to the lungs

Question 42

What is the pulmonary vein

Answer 42

The blood vessel that takes blood from the lungs to the heart

Question 43

What are coronary arteries

Answer 43

The blood vessels that supply blood to the heart

Question 44

What is an artery

Answer 44

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

Question 45

What is a vein

Answer 45

A blood vessel that takes blood towards the heart

Question 46

What is a capillary

Answer 46

Tiny blood vessels that allow exchange of materials

Question 47

What is the structure of the arteries like

Answer 47

They have thick muscular walls

Question 48

What kind of pressure do arteries carry blood

Answer 48

High pressure

Question 49

What is the structure of the veins like

Answer 49

It has thinner walls and a wider channel

Question 50

What pressure do veins carry blood in

Answer 50

Lower pressure

Question 51

What is the structure of the capillaries

Answer 51

it has very thin walls and a large surface area

Question 52

What side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood

Answer 52

The right side

Question 52

What side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood

Answer 52

The left side

Question 53

What makes red blood cells specialised

Answer 53

Biconcave in shape, no nucleus, contains haemoglobin

Question 54

What is absorption

Answer 54

A process where a substance is taken up into a tissue usually crossing a membrane

Question 55

What is the capillary network

Answer 55

A group of capillaries that deliver blood to a particular tissue

Question 56

What is the name for the process in which oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves the blood

Answer 56

Gas exchange

Question 57

What are Alveoli

Answer 57

The tiny air sacks found inside the lungs

Question 58

What is the alveolar wall

Answer 58

The boundary between the air sac and capillaries

Question 59

What is the organ responsible for the absorption of nutrients

Answer 59

The small intestine

Question 60

What are villi

Answer 60

The tiny finger like folds in the wall of the small intestine that increase surface area

Question 61

What is the function of the capillaries in the small intestine

Answer 61

To absorb glucose and amino acids