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Nat 5 Biology Rosa > Unit 3 Life On Earth > Flashcards

Unit 3 Life On Earth Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

What is the definition of Biodiversity

A

Total variety amongst all living things on earth

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2
Q

What is the definition of Abiotic factor

A

Non living factors that can effect the distribution of organisms

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3
Q

What is the definition of Biotic Factor

A

Living factors that can effect the distribution of organisms

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4
Q

What is the definition of a carnivore

A

An animal which only eats animals

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5
Q

What is the definition of a community

A

Community - all of the animals and plants that are living in one area

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6
Q

What is the definition of a consumer

A

Organisms that feed of another organisms

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7
Q

What is the definition of an ecosystem

A

An ecosystem consists of all organisms living in a particular area and the non living components with which they interact

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8
Q

What is the definition of a Food chain

A

A sequence that shows feeding relationships and the transfer of energy between organisms

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9
Q

What is the definition of a food web

A

Food chains that are linked to show the complex feeding relations in a habitat

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10
Q

What is the definition of a habitat

A

A habitat is the place where an organisms live

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11
Q

What is the definition of a omnivore

A

Organisms that feeds on both animals and plant materials

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12
Q

What is the definition of a population

A

A Population is groups of organisms of one species living in an area

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13
Q

What is the definition of a Producer

A

Organisms that produce its own food

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14
Q

What is the definition of Species

A

A group that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

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15
Q

What is the definition of a Niche

A

A Nichte is a role that an organisms plays within a community

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16
Q

What is the definition of a Herbivore

A

Organisms that feeds on the plant material

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17
Q

What our abiotic factors

A

Moisture
Light intensity
PH
Temperature

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18
Q

What our biotic factors

A

Competition for resources (e.g food and space)
Diseases
Predation
Grazing

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19
Q

What is the definition of a Independent variable

A

The variable that is changed in an experiment

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20
Q

What is a control

A

It is a comparison

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21
Q

What Can you use to measure light intensity

A

A light Meter

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22
Q

What Can you use to measure soil moisture

A

Moisture meter

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23
Q

What Can you use to measure temperature

A

Thermometer

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24
Q

What Can you use to measure pH

A

Ph probe

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25
What’s a source of error when measuring light intensity
A shadow may be cast on the light meter
26
What’s a source of error when measuring soil moisture
Moisture left on probe from previous reading
27
What’s a source of error when measuring temperature
Thermometer not left long enough
28
What’s a source of error when measuring pH
Contamination from previous sample
29
How to minimise error when measuring light intensity
Ensure that nobody is covering the light meter
30
How to minimise error when measuring soil moisture
Wipe the probe between each reading
31
How to minimise error when measuring temperature
Allow thermometer to settle before taking the reading
32
How to minimise error when measuring pH
Clean the probe between each reading
33
When do competition occur in the ecosystem
When resources are in short supply
34
Finish the sentence Interspecific competition occurs amongst..
Individuals of the different species for one or a few of the resources they require
35
Finish the sentence Intraspecific competition occurs amongst..
Individuals of the same species and is for all resources required
36
Out of Interspecific and Intraspecific competition which is more intense
Intraspecific
37
Finish the sentence A pitfall trap is used to..
Collect sample ground invertebrates
38
How do you sit up a pit fall trap
A cup is place level with the grounds and covered by leaves to camouflage it allows grounds animals to fall in. Organisms collected then counted
39
What sources of error are in a pitfall trap and how do we minimise the errors
Birds may eat trapped animals -make sure the trap is camouflaged Some animals may eat others -check traps regularly
40
What are indicator species
Organisms that indicate levels of pollution or environment quality by their presence, absence or abundance in the environment
41
What are examples of an indicator species
Lichens, daphnia
42
What are examples of an indicator species
Lichens, daphnia
43
What’s the formula for percentage increase
Percentage increase = difference/original number x 100
44
2 difference species =
Interspecific
45
Same species =
Intraspecific
46
What’s the word equation for photosynthesis
🩵🩵🩵🩵🩵🩵light Carbon dioxide——————-> Glucose + 🩵🩵+water.🩵Chlorophyll 🩵Oxgen
47
What are the raw materials in photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide and water
48
What are the conditions of photosynthesis
Light And chlorophyll
49
What are the products of photosynthesis
Glucose and oxygen
50
What is stage 2 of photosynthesis
The ATP and hydrogen generated from the light reactions and carbon dioxide from air are combined. They are converted into sugar during a series of enzymes controlled reaction
51
What is chlorophyll
A chemical found in chloroplast that is able to trap light energy
52
What is stage 1 of photosynthesis
The light energy from the sun is trapped by chlorophyll in the chloroplasts some of this light energy is converted into chemical energy which is used to generate ATP the remaining light energy is used to split water into oxygen and hydrogen the oxygen is diffused from the cell
53
What is a pyramid of numbers
A diagram of the total numbers of of organisms at each stage of a food chain
54
What is a pyramid of energy
A diagram of the total energy contained within each stage of the food chain
55
What are the tree ways energy is lost along a food chain
Heat, movement, undigested materials
56
True of false pyramids of numbers can be irregularly shaped
True
57
True or false a pyramid of energy can be irregularly shaped
False, it is always pyramid shaped
58
What methods can we use to increase food yields
Use fertilisers or use gm crops
59
How do we prevent pests from damaging crops
Use pesticides, GM crops or use a biological control
60
Why do people use fertilisers
To increase crop yield
61
What is an advantage of fertilisers
They increase crop yield
62
What is a disadvantage of fertilisers
They can leach into fresh water
63
Why do people use pesticides
To prevent damage to crops
64
What is one disadvantage of pesticides
Causes bioaccumulation in food chains
65
Why do people use GM crops
To increase crop yields and to prevent crop damage
66
What is a disadvantage of GM crops
They are expensive
67
Why do people use biological controls
To prevent damage to crops
68
What is an advantage to using biological controls
No chemicals are required
69
What is one disadvantage of biological controls
They are difficult to manage
70
Fertilisers provide chemicals such as nitrates how does this increase crop yield
Nitrates are used to produce amino acids which are synthesised to make plant proteins
71
What happens when fertilisers leach into water (algal bloom)
1. Fertilisers leach into the water 2. There is an increase in algal populations, this is known as an algal bloom 3. Algal blooms reduce light levels killing aquatic plants 4. The dead plants become food for bacteria. The bacteria increase greatly in number 5. The bacteria use up large quantities of oxygen, reducing the oxygen availability for other organisms such as fish.
72
What is bioaccumulation
When pesticides are sprayed onto crops they can accumulate in the bodies of organisms over time as they are passed along food chains they increase in toxicity and can reach lethal levels
73
What are alternatives to pesticides and fertilisers
GM crops and biological controls
74
What is a mutation
The random change to an organisms genetic material.
75
What three things can a mutation be described as
Advantageous, disadvantageous and neutral.
76
What causes mutations
Mutations are spontaneous but some environmental factors like radiation a di some chemicals can increase the rate of mutation
77
What causes natural selection
Selection pressures weather that is the environment, availability of food or new predators
78
What is natural selection
The name of a scientific theory that explains how evolution happens
79
What are the steps of natural selection
1. Species produce more offspring that the environs can sustain. 2. The best adapted individual in a population survive. 3. The survivors reproduce and pass on favourable alleles with the selective advantage. 4. The favourable alleles increase in frequency within the population
80
What is speciation
The process of a new species evolving
81
What are the three major steps of speciation
Isolation, mutation and natural selection
82
What are the three types of barriers
Geographical, ecological and behavioural
83

Nat 5 Biology Rosa (3 decks)

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