Unit 2: Networks of Exchange Flashcards
Explain the environmental effects of the various networks of exchange in Afro-Eurasia from c. 1200 to c. 1450
- +/- Migration of crops grew population and cities (champa rice in China, bananas in Africa). It also caused environmental degradation like overgrazing and deforestation, reducing agriculture production.
- +/- Bubonic plague Killed millions leading to agriculture decline. Fewer workers meant labor was valuable which led to economic changes and feudalism decline.
Explain the intellectual and cultural effects of the various networks of exchange in Afro-Eurasia from c. 1200 to c. 1450
Increased cross-cultural interactions resulted in the diffusion of:
- RELIGION - - New religions unified societies and justified government, or syncretized (mixed) with local religion (Buddhism syncretized with Daoism creating Zen Buddhism).
- LITERACY: Marco Polo teachings introduced Europe to Asia
- TRADITIONS: Urbanization, Swahili language developed from Arabic and Bantu
- SCIENTIFIC/TECH INNOVATIONS: Islamic world studied foreign texts
- TECHNOLOGY: land (camel saddles, caravans), sea (lateen sails, compass, astrolobe), and everyday things (paper, gunpowder)
Explain the causes and effects of the growth of trans-saharan trade
Centralized governments, technology (Caravans, camel saddles), and demand for gold led to increased trade, forming the Trans-Saharan trade network. This brought wealth and Islam to Africa.
Explain how the expansion of African empires influenced the Trans-Saharan trade and communication over time
When empires like Mali grew, they organized trade and communication creating a stable and safe environment for trade to flourish
Explain the causes and effects of the growth of the Indian Ocean trade after 1200
CAUSES: Technology, environmental knowledge, and the common religion Islam
EFFECTS: Wealthy trading cities emerged and spread of culture through Diasporic communities. (ex. African practices found in Middle East)
Explain the role of environmental factors in the development of Indian Ocean Trade networks in period c. 1200 to c. 1450
Merchants used monsoon winds to travel more easily, traveling with the wind instead of against it. They waited for months to use it, creating diasporic communities
Explain the Mongols process of state building and decline in Eurasia over time
Mongols brutally conquered civilizations with successful military strategies. When Genghis Khan died, the Mongol Empire split up into four khanates ruled by his grandsons with a tributary system. The Mongols had a centralized power with separate city-states with an international law. Declined after revolts like the Battle of Kulikovo, where anti-Mongols overthrew the government in Moscow.
Explain how the expansion of the Mongol empire influenced trade and communication over time.
The Mongol Empire unified much of Eurasia under one rule. These people were pulled into the economies and trade networks.
Explain the significance of the Mongol Empire in larger patterns of continuity and change
Revitalized the Silk Roads which spread trade and interactions. (ex. Islamic medical knowledge to Europe). The Mongols and other Empires CONTINUED to rely on the Silk Roads as a way to gain wealth during.
Explain the causes and effects of growth of Silk Road networks after 1200
CAUSES: New technology and currency (ex. credit, Inns 100 miles apart), expanded trade routes, and demand for luxury goods
EFFECTS: Growth of wealthy trading cities
Explain the similarities among the various networks of exchange in 1200-1450
- CAUSE: Began when power was centralized and unified. Stable empires protected merchants and organized trade. Technological advances and demand for goods.
- PURPOSE: Trade routes traded goods and transported missionaries
- EFFECTS: Started wealthy trade cities and currency like flying cash
Explain the differences among the various networks of exchange in 1200-1450
- CURRENCY: Different depending on region, changed from goods like silk or shells to metal coins and flying cash
- GOODS TRADED: Silk Road traded luxury goods like silk and porcelain, Indian Ocean traded common goods like spices and food, Trans-Saharan traded gold and slaves
- WOMEN: Most of Afro-Eurasia was patriarchal, but Islam gave Women higher status. They had, property rights, education, and money from marriage.
Difference between Pastoral and Agrarian people
Pastoral: Domesticated animal-based society
Agrarian: Agriculture-based society
What was the Golden Horde?
Army under Russian Khanate that conquered and unified small Russian territories
