Unit 2 - Neurophysiology

Question 1

main parts of the neuron (4)

Answer 1

soma
dendrites
axon
axon terminals

Question 2

soma

Answer 2

cell body
- contains nucleus and all biosynthetic machinery
- center of chemical processes -> keeps cell functioning and alive

Question 3

nuclei? ganglia?

Answer 3

clusters of cell bodies (CNS)
clusters of cell bodies (PNS)

Question 4

direction of dendrite

Answer 4

TOWARD soma

Question 5

direction of axon

Answer 5

AWAY from soma

Question 6

tracts/nerves?

Answer 6

bundle of axons in CNS
bundle of axons in PNS

Question 7

neurons classified by structure (5)

Answer 7

pseudounipolar
bipolar
anaxonic
multipolar - CNS
multipolar - efferent

Question 8

pseudounipolar

Answer 8

somatic sensory neurons
axon & dendrite fuse during development into a single process

Question 9

bipolar

Answer 9

smell/vision sensory neurons
contain a single axon & dendrite

Question 10

anaxonic

Answer 10

interneuron w no apparent axon

Question 11

multipolar - CNS

Answer 11

highly branched neurons -> numerous dendries
no long extensions for axon

Question 12

multipolar - efferent

Answer 12

contain 5-7 dendrites
single long axon

Question 13

neuron classified by function (3)

Answer 13

afferent (sensory) neurons
interneurons
efferent (motor) neurons

Question 14

afferent (sensory) neurons

Answer 14

• receive info from receptor cells
• transmit sensory info TO CNS
• cell bodies located outside CNS
• long cytoplasmic extensions transmit info to cells (interneurons) within CNS

Question 15

interneurons

Answer 15

• located inside CNS
• 96% of neurons
• transmit info signals in CNS (laterally-spinal cord; vertically-brain)
• integrate info from afferent neurons + previous info -> transmit signals to efferent neurons

Question 16

efferent (motor) neurons

Answer 16

• receive info from interneurons
• efferent neuron cell bodies in CNS
• cytoplasmic extensions transmit info to Effectors (e.g. muscles, glands)

Question 17

PNS glial cells types (2)

Answer 17

schwann cells
satellite cells

Question 18

function of satellite cells

Answer 18

non-myelinated
support soma

Question 19

CNS Glial Cell Types (4)

Answer 19

Oligodendria
Astroglia
Microglia
Ependymal

Question 20

astroglia

Answer 20

small star-shaped cells
- contract blood vessels and neurons
maintain neuron microenvironment -> helps maintain homeostasis in ECF around neurons

Question 21

microglia

Answer 21

v small specialized immune cell
- remove damaged cells and foreign invaders

Question 22

ependymal

Answer 22

epithelial cells that produce cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
- create selectively permeable barrier between brain compartments

Question 23

Nerst Equation vs Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz Equation

Answer 23

equilibrium potential for ONE ion vs membrane potential for multiple ions