unit 2 part 2

Question 1

what is long term potentiation? LTP

Answer 1

strengthening of a synaptic connection that happens when the synapse of one neuron repeatedly fires and excited another neuron.
-learning and memory

Question 2

where does long term potentiaon occur?

Answer 2

hippocampus

Question 3

what is the amygdala?

Answer 3

involved in episodic memory, primary processor of emotional reactions.

Question 4

What is the cerebellum?

Answer 4

Involved in implicit memories

Question 5

What is the basal ganglia?

Answer 5

Memory retrieval and procedural memory
-creating and maintaining habits

Question 6

Who is Hermann ebbinghaus?

Answer 6

First to conduct experimental studies on memories using himself as a subject

Question 7

What is the trace decay theory?

Answer 7

Over time our memories biologically degenerate

Question 8

What is amnesia?

Answer 8

When a person experience full or partial loss of memory

Question 9

What is retrograde amnesia?

Answer 9

Cannot remember things that happened before the event that caused their amnesia

Question 10

What is anterograde amnesia?

Answer 10

Person is unable to create new memories after an amnesia-inducing event

Question 11

What is the serial position effect?

Answer 11

When we try to retrieve a long list of words and usually recall the last and first words best, forgetting the words in the middle

Question 12

What is the primary effect?

Answer 12

Better recall of first items from greater rehearsal

Question 13

What is the recency effect?

Answer 13

Better recall of the last items, still in working memory

Question 14

What is retrieval failure?

Answer 14

Failure to recall a memory due to missing stimuli or cues that were present at the time the memory was encoded

Question 15

What is the tip of tongue state?

Answer 15

When a memory is available but not quite retrievable

Question 16

What is encoding failure?

Answer 16

When a memory was never formed in the first place
-we cannot lean or recall what we do not perceive and attend to

Question 17

What is the interface theory?

Answer 17

Some memories interfere with the retrieval of other memories, forgetting in long term

Question 18

What is proactive (previous) interference?

Answer 18

Older memories interfere with the retrieval of newer memories

Question 19

What is retroactive (recent) interference?

Answer 19

New memories interfere with the retrieval of older memories

Question 20

What is flashbulb memory?

Answer 20

Vivid and detailed memories that people create during times of personal tragedy, accident or emotionally significant world events.

Question 21

What is memory reconstruction?

Answer 21

approach to understanding memory as a cognitive process and the errors that occur within it
-construct memory as we recall them, making up as we withdraw

Question 22

what are pseudo-memories?

Answer 22

false memories that we believe to be true

Question 23

what is elizabeth loftus?

Answer 23

extensive reseach on memory reconstruction and false memories and how memory is changeable, it is not always accurate.

Question 24

What is the misiniformation effect?

Answer 24

exposed to misleading info we tend to misremeber

Question 25

what is source amnesia?

Answer 25

Inability to remember true source of a meory while retaining its substance

Question 26

what is eyewitness testimony

Answer 26

researches have repeatedly found that the most confident and consistent eyewitness are the most persuasive, however they often are not the most accurate

Question 27

What is focus your attention?

Answer 27

in order for info to move from STM into LTM, you need to actively attend to this info

Question 28

what are mnemonic devices?

Answer 28

encoding strategies used to organize and or chunk ti be learned material, in order to make it more meaningful and easier to remember.

Question 29

what are acronyms?

Answer 29

combining the first letters of to be learned words into a new word or word like unit (mnemonic device)

Question 30

what is acrostic?

Answer 30

using the first letters of a wrd list to be learned items to create a meaningful and/or odd sentence

Question 31

what is the method of loci?

Answer 31

association of worss on a list with visualization or places on a familiar path

Question 32

What is the peg word system?

Answer 32

mnemonic technique for memorizing lists, and object is visualized whihc holds the info

Question 33

What are retrieval cues?

Answer 33

reminders associated with info we are trying to get out of memory, aid us in remembering

Question 34

What is contect dependent memory?

Answer 34

easier to recall info while in the same "context" of environment in which it was acquired

Question 35

What is state dependent memory?

Answer 35

memories that are triggered or enhanced by a persons current mood because of the relationship to memories formed when you were in a similar state

Question 36

What is distrubited practice?

Answer 36

spacing the study pf material to be remembered by the melding breaks between study periods

Question 37

What is the testing effect?

Answer 37

Finding that LTM is increased when the same learning period is devoted to retrieving the to-be-remembered info through testing with proper feedback

Question 38

What is positive transfer?

Answer 38

mastery of one task aids learning or performing another