unit 3 part 3 Flashcards
(47 cards)
what is learning?
any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice.
what do behaviorists believe?
that psychology should be the scientific study of observable behavior & all learning occurs through interactions with the environment
what did Ivan Pavlov do
studied digestion and accidently discovered the learning process now known as classical conditoning
what is classical conditioning?
paring two stimulus together to start a behavior
what is a neutral stimulus?
produces no effect until paired with an unconditioned stimulus
what is an unconditioned stimulus?
stimulus that nauturally and automatocally triggeres an unconditioned response.
-dont have to learn to respond to it
-ex pain or food
what is a unconditioned response?
unlearned response that occurs naturally in response to the stimulus
what is a conditioned stimulus?
previously neutral stimulus that triggers conditioned response through associtaion with unconditioned stimulus.
what is a conditioned response?
learned response to the previously neutral response.
what is acquisition?
intital stage of leanring when a response is first established and gradually strengthened.
what is hgher order thinking?
mutliple steps of conditioning
what is extinction?
initial stage of leanring when a response is first established gradually strengthened.
what is sponatneous recovery?
return of previously extinguished conditioned response following a rest period.
what is stimulus generalization?
tendency of unconditioned stimulus to evoke similar responses after the response has been conditioned to other stimuli.
what is stimulus discrimination?
ability to differentiate between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that have not been paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
what is taste adversion?
avoidance of a certain food following a period of illness after consuming it.
what is edward thorandikes law of effect?
actions that are followed by desireable outcomes are more likely to be repeated while those followed by undesirable outcomes are less likely to be repeated
who is B.F skinner?
founder of modern behavioral perspective research on operant conditioning and schedules of enviornment.
what is ten Skinner box?
chamber was a box that could hold a small animalin it.
-contained a button that would be pressed by the animal to recieve a reward.
what is operant conditioning?
method of learning that occurs through rewards and punsihments for behavior
what is shaping?
procedure which reinforces gradually guide an animals action toward a desired complex behavior.
what is chaining?
breaks a task down into small steps and then teaches each step within the sequence by itself.
what is reinforcing stimulus?
any event that srengthens or increases the behavior as it follows
what is positive reinforcement?
favourbale events or outcomes that are presented after the behavior, strengthens the response
