UNIT 2) Part 2 End of Personal Rule Flashcards
what was the Puritan network?
After closure of parliament leading puritans formed a network.
This was under the guise of businesses and family to remove suspicion.
Used business meetings to discuss opposition to charles.
No records of these meetings kept.
Ready and waiting for charles to get into difficulty.
Religious opposition?
Prynne, bastwick and burton leading puritan campaigners and opponents of Lauds religious policies.
Published pamphlets attacking bishops, laud and armenianism.
Were imprisoned had ears cut off and branded sl on cheeks.
Public outrage by there treament were referred to as puritan divines.
what was the Opposition to ship money 1637?
John hampden refused to pay Ship money and put on trial.
Trial had lot of attention.
Allthough found guilty, 5 of the 12 judges(all apointed by the king) found in favour of hampden.
Started a trend and more people defied tax and many refused to collect it.
prayer book rebellion in Scotland 1637?
Charles went scotland to be crowned in 1633.
He was appaled by the drab Scottish Kirk(churhces) and dull ceremonies.
Scots appalled by bright coloured clothes and decorative ornaments of the English clergy.
Charles introduce English prayer book to Scotland without consulting scottish parliament.
wave of scot nationalism.
Charles refused to compromise sticking to his firm belief in divine right.
Riot broke out in july 1637 when dean read from prayer book.
Women at front throw objects at dean in planned riot.
Bishop of brenchin pointed two pistols at the congregation while he read from prayer book.
Tables were formed as an opposition group and drew up the national covenant.
Bishops abolished removing kings influence.
Charles left with no choice but to raise army and send it up north.
The First bishops War?
The English had not been beaten by scots sin Bannockburn in 1314 and were expecting a walk over.
Charles expected easy victory and convince his opponents resistance to reforms was futile, opponents therefore alarmed.
Some began secret negotiations with scots.
Many soldiers refused the call to arms.
Many sympathised with the scots.
The Scottish army was full of veterans and commanded by experienced general.
Charles army was disorganised poorly equipped and not very motivated to fight.
Charles was forced to negotiate with scots and had to allow a Scottish parliament.
Both armys meant to disband but neither did.
Formation of The short parliament?
Bishops war led to Stratford being recalled from Ireland. He and privy council advised king to recall parl.
Hoped anti-Scottish patriotism would encourage MPs to vote subsidies.
The parliament only lasted 3 weeks.
King demanded taxes be voted before he would hear grievances.
Parliament demanded opposite.
King dissolved parl when debate turned to religion.
Second Bishops War?
Charles marched another army North led by an ill Stratford.
Scots invaded England by capturing Newcastle the source of Londons Coal supply.
English army began to desert.
Kings council advised the recall of Parl.
To prevent further invasion the king signed the Treaty of Ripon with the Scots.
The treaty meant the King had to pay £850 per day for the Scots occupation.
Meant that the King had no choice other than to recall Parl.
Personal rule over.
The Long parliament?
Parl had king over a financial barrel.
King needed money to pay scots he had none.
Parl hoped that this would lead to new greater reforms.
Pym stirred up fear of a catholic conspiracy.
Stratfford and Laud imprisoned and many others in the King’s government fled.
Root and Branch petition put forward to remove Bishops from Church.
Aimed at removing Kings influence over religion.
King signed the Triennial act which meant that Parl would have to be called at least every 3 years.
The Trial of Stratford began.
Trial and execution of stratfford?
Strafford to dangerous to be left alive.
He knew puritans were plotting with scotts.
Strafford accused of treason for sowing division between king and his subjects and that he tried to rule the country through force.
Strafford ably defended himself and evidence against him was flimsy.
Trial abandoned in favour of a Bill of Attainder Finding Strafford guilty via act of Parl.
Pym worried it would not pass through lords.
What was The army plot(sealing straffords fate)?
Worried about Straffords fate king sent armed men to sieze tower of london.
idea was to dissolve parl by force.
Attempt failed as tower well defended.
Plot was enough to convince Lords to sign Bill of Attainder.
Fate of Strafford now rested with King.
King feared safety of his family and under intense pressure to sign Bill.
Strafford convinced king to sign the death warrant and Strafford executed.
The dismantling of personal rule, what was the king forced to agree to?
Tonnage and poundage not collected without parl consent.
Prerogative courts abolished.
Ship money abolished.
Knighthood fines abolished.
Forest fines limited.
All amounted to a financial straight jacket and meant Charles was dependent on parl for money.
The rise of the Royalists?
Charles I was alone. Parliament was united.
The first crack in parliamentary unity was death of Strafford.
act of attainder was a judicial murder.
Many MPs appalled by this. Charles had his first few converts.
Collapse of censorship, flood of puritan pamphlets followed, religious debate grew hot.
Many moderates felt threatened by the outpouring of radical religious views.
Extreme puritans in commons tried unsuccessfully to get bishops excluded the lords.
they followed this with Root and branch petition which sought to abolish episcopacy.
Moderates began to stand out such as Edward Hyde and Lord Falkland.
What were the muggletonians?
a small group of men which believed to be the chosen ones and defied all laws. too small to be a threat but used as an example for those against toleration.
What were the seekers and ranters?
They were dangerous to Gov because they defied social conventions. Ranters lived communally with all things held in common including wives. Core beliefs inspired the quakers(most dangerous).
What were the quakers?
Grew to 5000 by the end of the 50s . they only believe din obedience to god. They were ready and willing to use force.
