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Product Design > unit 2 Polymers and additives > Flashcards

unit 2 Polymers and additives Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Toughness

A

Ability to absorb energy and deform without cracking,Absorbs the energy from the impact and is designed to split , dissipating the energy.

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2
Q

Examples of toughness

A

Helmets
Car bumper

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3
Q

Elasticity

A

Materials resistant to distortion and ability to return to its original shape

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4
Q

Examples of elasticity

A

Polyurethane(used in textiles)
Latex / rubber (used in balloons

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5
Q

Flexability and folding

A

Ability of a material to bend or folded without breaking

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6
Q

Examples of flexibility and folding

A

Flexible PVC sheets (used in laminating)
Thermoplastics

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7
Q

Mouldability

A

Ability to be shaped into a form or mould

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8
Q

Examples of mouldability

A

Thermoplastics moulded in hot or molten
Thermosets moulded in cold liquid and cured

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9
Q

Cut and scored

A

Ability to be scored cut and folded depends upon the hardness of the material

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10
Q

Examples of cut and scored

A

Acrylic hard and easily scored may chip
HDPE and HIPS are softer more flexible so will score less well but easily cut without chipping

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11
Q

What are the mechanical properties

A

Toughness
Elasticity
Mouldability
Flexability
Cut and scored

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12
Q

What are the physical properties

A

Insulation
Self finishing
Uv resistance
Melting points
Transparency and translucently
Resistant to chemical and liquid
Ability to be combined with other polymers and additives

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13
Q

Thermal insulation

A

Reduce heat transfer especially between objects and people

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14
Q

Examples of things with thermal insulation

A

Saucepan handles
Kitchen utensils

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15
Q

Electrical installation

A

A material the doesn’t allow electricity to flow freely through it

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16
Q

Examples of electrical insulation

A

Polymers
Electrical ligh fittings and sockets

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17
Q

Melting points

A

Is the temperature at which a material changes state from solid to liquid

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18
Q

Thermoplastics

A

When heated they become soft pliable and can be shaped and moulded

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19
Q

Thermosets

A

Don not melt but start to decompose and char at high temperature

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20
Q

UV resistance

A

Uv bleaches colour from polymers such as ABS commonly used in garden furniture
Also effects the polymers mechanical properties

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21
Q

What polymers are Resistant to chemicals

A

HDPE used in manufacturing bleach bottles and chemically resistant piping

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22
Q

What polymers are resistant to liquids

A

Both HDPE and PET are used in plastic water bottles.
HDPE I’d recycable and reusable
PET is recycable but should not be reused over time

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23
Q

Transparency

A

How permeable a material is to light radiation

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24
Q

Plasticisers

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A

enhance flow characteristics
and enable polymers to be moulded at high temperature

25
Thermal antioxidants
help to prevent oxidation due to heat exposure during the manufacturing process
26
Synthetic polymers
produced from finite resources such as coal gas and oil
27
Natural polymers
rubber and amber, which come from trees
28
Cracking
Process of converting large hydrocarbons into smaller ones
29
Thermo plastics
used in plastic long chains of molecules, tangled together no fixed structure or pattern generally soft and flexible with some shape memory
30
LDPE
flexible, but also tough used in packaging where flexibility is required like squeezy bottles and snap on lids, carrier bags and toys translucent or opaque Has excellent resistance to chemicals
31
HDPE
used for bottles, rigid plastic toys and bags for life HDPE is harder than LDPE good chemical resistance Recyclable
32
PP
tough, flexible polymer with good fatigue resistance food packaging medical equipment resistant to chemicals and solvents
33
HIPS
rigid lightweight high impact strength food safe and commonly used for yogurt pots
34
ABS
hard and tough with excellent impact strength ABS is widely used for domestic appliance casings, helmets, car bumpers and wing mirrors
35
PMMA
Weather resistant chemical resistant used in windows and aquariums
36
Nylon
Elastic very strong dries quick Used in clothing seat belts
37
PVC
High impact strength Used in windows cable wire insulation
38
Stock forms
• Sheet • Film • Granules • Rod and other extruded forms • Foam • Powder
39
Elastomers
highly elastic and capable of recovering their original shape after being stretched thermosets irregularly coiled and cross-linked When stretched molecules will straighten out in direction of pull
40
Thermoplastic elastomers
Most TEPs are known by their trade names for example Elastron® & Riteflex® They display similar properties to the cross linked elastomers like rubber TEPs offer faster processing times than cross-linked elastomers
41
Stretching in elastomers
stretched and still return to their original shape expand or contract due to temperature changes be inflated and pressurised worn to compress an injury or keep water out
42
Grip in elastomers
These may take the form of sleeves or handles Over moulding is also used to create spongy grips and textures on other thermoplastic products torches, pens, toothbrushes and sports bottles
43
Texture in elastomers
Most elastomers can have textures pressed or rolled into them * They can also be cast in textured moulds
44
Vulcanisation
process used to cure rubber making it harder, more durable and heat resistant • A curing agent, sulphur, is added to the latex from the rubber tree • When heated and pressurised, the sulphur atoms form cross links • Vulcanised rubber is tough and can more easily retain its shape
45
Degradable
breaking down very slowly into tiny plastic particles which do not assimilate back into the earth but remain, pollute and can get into the food chain
46
Degradable
breaking down very slowly into tiny plastic particles which do not assimilate back into the earth but remain, pollute and can get into the food chain
47
Biodegradable
will break down without oxygen and turn into carbon dioxide, water and biomass, finally assimilating, however this can still take several years
48
Compostable
material breaks down under certain specific conditions into carbon dioxide, water, inorganic compounds and biomass • It takes a much shorter time and leaves no toxic residue
49
Oxy - degration
additive is often used in plastic carrier bags to speed up the process time it takes to break down can be ‘built in’ to the material * First the material flakes, then, over a few months or years, the flakes turn to a powder
50
Photo-degration
can be used to temporarily block out light preventing growth until they break down • These are commonly used in domestic gardens
51
Hydro-degradable
suited to applications that require a hygienic or leak-free seal before exposure to water • Laundry liquid pods • Hospital laundry bags
52
Corn starch polymers
naturally derived biopolymer commonly used in packaging • It is food safe and resistant to fats • It is oxy-biodegradable • It is UV resistant • It is printable
53
PotatoPak
inserted into a mould which is heated under pressure to make a rigid shape used for single use plastic items, • By using an additive it can also be expanded and made into for packaging pellets
54
Biopol
can be moulded, formed and extruded and can be used as an additive to promote bio-degradation in other thermoplastics disposable shampoo bottles, disposable razors and in the lining of nappies good UV resistance and doesnt dissolve in water
55
PLA
a synthetic bio-polymer powder from corn starch can be recycled can be molded
56
PHA
a natural bio-polymer powder made from mixed waste food safe can be molded
57
Lactide
Synthetic PLA based polymer used in detergent pods
58
Glycotide
a synthetic PLA polymer used for bags also known as ecofilm

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