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Health Assessment > Unit 2 pt.2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 pt.2 Flashcards

1
Q

eustachian tube

A

connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx and allows passage of air

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2
Q

middle ear

A

a tiny air filled cavity

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3
Q

When does the eustachian tube open?

A

swallowing or yawning

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4
Q

organ of corti

A

sensory organ of hearing

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5
Q

cranial nerve 8

A

vestibulocochlear nerve
sends signals to both sides of the brainstem
responsible for maintaining body balance and eye movements and cochlear nerve is responsible for hearing

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6
Q

What is the normal pathway of hearing?

A

air conduction but an alternate route is bone conduction

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7
Q

otosclerosis

A

cause of conductive hearing loss in young adults, the stapes becomes fixed in the oval window and impedes the transmission of sound

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8
Q

What happens to the ear in the aging adult?

A

cilia lining the ear becomes coarse and stiff, cerumen is drier bc apocrine glands become atrophied

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9
Q

presbycusis

A

age related hearing loss
occurs in over 2/3 of adults

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10
Q

What does sensorineural loss affect?

A

the middle ear structure, causes damage to nerve cells in the inner ear or cranial nerves
-cranial nerve 8

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11
Q

otorrhea

A

infected canal or perforated eardrum

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12
Q

external ear

A

funnels sound waves into opening, external auditory canal

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13
Q

tympanic membrane

A

eardrum
separates the external and middle ear

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14
Q

What does otoscopic infection consists of?

A

-making sure a prominent cone of light is visible
-malleus pulls at the center of the ear making it appear oval and slightly concave
-pars flaccida is the small slack superior section of the membrane
-pars tensa is the remainder of the membrane, thicker and more taut

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15
Q

what are the bones of the middle ear?

A

malleus, incus, stapes

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16
Q

What is the function of the middle ear?

A

conducts sounds vibrations from the outer ear to inner ear
protects the inner ear by reducing the amplitude of loud sounds
eustachian tube allows equalization of air pressure

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17
Q

inner ear

A

contains the bony labryinth, which holds the sensory organs for equilibrium and hearing

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18
Q

cochlea

A

contains central hearing apparatus

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19
Q

How does sound work?

A

ear transmits sound and converts the vibrations into electrical impulses

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20
Q

Anything that obstructs sound transmission….

A

impairs hearing

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21
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

involves a mechanical dysfunction of the external or middle ear
can be caused by cerumen buildup, otosclerosis, and ototoxicity

22
Q

mixed hearing loss

A

results from conductive and sensorineural loss

23
Q

In infants, what are some anatomical differences that alter hearing?

A

eustachian tube is relative short and wide
more horizontal
allows for easier migration of pathogens to the middle ear from nasopharynx
lumen is easily occluded

24
Q

In adults, what are some anatomical differences that alter hearing?

A

younger than age 40, otosclerosis is common

25
Q

In aging adults, what are some anatomical differences that alter hearing?

A

hearing acuity may be decreased because of the coarse and stiff cilia lining the ear,

26
Q

cerumen

A

lubricates, waterproofs, and cleans the external auditory canal

27
Q

What subjective data can be obtained about the ear?

A

ask about ear infections, earaches, tinnitus,
for children, ask if they put things in their ears, ask about contact sport involvement

28
Q

What objective data can be obtained about the ear?

A

-note the size and shape of the auricle, ear position, and alignment on the head
-observe skin condition
-evaluate external auditory meatus
-perform otoscopic examination, inspect eardrum color, and integrity
-test hearing acuity
-perform Romberg test, evaluate inner ear ability to maintain standing balance

29
Q

What should be incorporated in an ear assessment?

A

health promotion

30
Q

How should the tympanic membrane appear in the older adult?

A

whiter, more opaque,duller

31
Q

nose

A

first segment of respiratory system
warms, moistens, and filters air

32
Q

vibrissae

A

coarse nasal hairs

33
Q

turbinates

A

increase the surface area so more blood vessels and mucous membranes are available to warm, humidify, and filter the air

34
Q

nasal mucosa

A

has rich blood supply

35
Q

cranial nerve I

A

olfactory nerve

36
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

lighten the weight of the skull bones
air filled pockets in the cranium

37
Q

What two pairs of sinuses are accessible for exam?

A

frontal and maxillary

38
Q

What two sinuses are present at birth?

A

maxillary and ethmoid

39
Q

Kiesselbech’s plexus

A

most common site of nosebleeds

40
Q

palate

A

roof of the mouth
soft palate is pink and mobile
hard palate is made of bone

41
Q

uvula

A

free projection hanging down from the middle of soft palate

42
Q

frenulum

A

midline fold that connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth

43
Q

tonsils

A

lymphoid tissues

44
Q

What happens to the nose in aging adults?

A

subq fat is lost and nose protrudes, taste and smell is diminished
loss of taste buds leading to weight loss

45
Q

peridontal disease

A

affects structures around the tooth

46
Q

epitaxis

A

nosebleeds, can be spontaneous and w/ trauma
pt should lean forward and compress for 15 minutes

47
Q

throat or pharynx

A

area behind the mouth and the nose

48
Q

oropharynx

A

separated from the mouth by folds of tissue on each side, tonsils are behind these folds

49
Q

What occurs in the nose, mouth, and throat in children?

A

children have normally 20 temporary teeth

50
Q

What occurs in the nose, mouth, and throat in pregnancy?

A

nasal stuffiness, epitaxis occurs

51
Q

What subjective data can be obtained about the nose, mouth, and throat?

A

ask about nosebleeds, sinus pain, trauma, allergies
-for the mouth and throat, sores, lesions, bleeding gums, toothaches

52
Q

What objective data can be obtained about the nose, mouth, and throat?

A

-inspect the external nose
-test the patency of each nostril to reveal any obstruction
-inspect the nasal cavity
-observe the turbinates to check color
-palpate the frontal and maxillary sinus for tenderness
-inspect the lips, teeth, and gums
-inspect and palpate the uvula, say ahhhhh to check cranial nerve X, it should move
-to test cranial nerve 12 or CN XII, stick out the tongue
- to test gag reflex, assess cranial nerve 10 and cranial nerve 9 or CN IX

Health Assessment (5 decks)

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