Unit 2, Review

Question 1

What is the term for the number of sets of chromosomes in a cell?

Answer 1

Ploidy

Question 2

What are the two types of cell division?

Answer 2

Meiosis and Mitosis

Question 3

What is the difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells?

Answer 3

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus; Prokaryotic cells do not

Question 4

What are the four levels of protein structure?

Answer 4

• Primary
• Secondary
• Tertiary
• Quaternary

Question 5

What are the two main types of secondary structures in proteins?

Answer 5

• Beta sheets
• Alpha helix

Question 6

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 6

Double Helix

Question 7

What type of interactions occur between R groups in proteins?

Answer 7

R group interactions

Question 8

What is a polynucleotide strand?

Answer 8

A chain of nucleotides in DNA or RNA

Question 9

What is the function of RNA Endonuclease?

Answer 9

Removes introns from the mRNA

Question 10

What is the role of Transcription Factors?

Answer 10

Recognize and bind to promoter regions in DNA for RNA creation

Question 11

What does Topoisomerase do?

Answer 11

Creates cuts in the DNA strands to reduce tension during replication

Question 12

What is the function of DNA Ligase?

Answer 12

Seals the phosphodiester backbone of the DNA after replication

Question 13

What is the role of Histone proteins?

Answer 13

DNA wraps around these proteins to enter a condensed form

Question 14

What does PolyA Polymerase do?

Answer 14

Adds adenine bases after the consensus sequence, forming the Poly A tail

Question 15

What is the function of Telomerase?

Answer 15

Synthesizes nucleotides to the end of the chromosome in germline cells

Question 16

What is the role of Primase in DNA replication?

Answer 16

Adds RNA primers to DNA to promote replication

Question 17

What does the Spliceosome do?

Answer 17

Cleaves the pre-mRNA sequence after the consensus sequence

Question 18

What is the function of Ribosomes?

Answer 18

Build polypeptide chains of amino acids

Question 19

What is the role of RNA Polymerase?

Answer 19

Attaches nucleotide bases together to build a new strand of RNA

Question 20

What does Helicase do during DNA replication?

Answer 20

Unwinds the DNA to allow access for replication machinery

Question 21

What is the function of DNA Polymerase?

Answer 21

Attaches nucleotide bases together to build a new strand of DNA

Question 22

Which nitrogenous bases are purines?

Answer 22

Adenine and Guanine

Question 23

Which bases pair together in DNA?

Answer 23

• Adenine with Thymine
• Cytosine with Guanine

Question 24

How many hydrogen bonds form between Adenine and Thymine?

Answer 24

2 bonds

Question 25

Which base is unique to RNA?

Answer 25

Uracil

Question 26

What is the 5' carbon in a nucleotide?

Answer 26

The carbon attached to the phosphate group

Question 27

Which carbon has an OH group for RNA nucleotides?

Answer 27

The 2' carbon

Question 28

True or False: DNA replication is semi-conservative.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

True or False: Both strands of a double stranded DNA molecule have their 5' ends at the same end.

Answer 29

False

Question 30

True or False: The template strand is the strand of DNA being built during replication.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

True or False: The lagging strand is created in small sections called Okazaki Fragments.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

What direction does DNA/RNA polymerase move on the template strand?

Answer 32

3' to 5'

Question 33

What direction are new nucleotides added to a new DNA or RNA strand?

Answer 33

5' to 3'

Question 34

What direction do ribosomes move on mRNA?

Answer 34

5' to 3'

Question 35

What direction is the leading strand template running?

Answer 35

3' to 5'

Question 36

What direction is the lagging strand template running?

Answer 36

5' to 3'

Question 37

What is the process of translation?

Answer 37

A step in protein synthesis where information encoded in mRNA is translated into amino acids

Question 38

What determines the protein's structure?

Answer 38

The amino acid sequence

Question 39

What is a sequence of 3 nucleotides corresponding to an amino acid called?

Answer 39

Codon

Question 40

In pre-initiation, what is charged?

Answer 40

tRNA

Question 41

In initiation, what begins to be built?

Answer 41

Polypeptide chain

Question 42

In elongation, what is added?

Answer 42

More peptides

Question 43

In termination, what does the ribosome reach?

Answer 43

Stop codon

Question 44

True or False: mRNA can only be translated by one ribosome at a time.

Answer 44

False

Question 45

What is the minimum number of nucleotides for a polypeptide made of 329 amino acids?

Answer 45

987 nucleotide bases

Question 46

Which ribosome site contains a tRNA without an amino acid attached?

Answer 46

E site

Question 47

Which ribosome site do aminoacyl tRNAs enter?

Answer 47

A site

Question 48

Where is the growing polypeptide strand always located in the ribosome?

Answer 48

P site

Question 49

Are CUU and UCC synonymous codons?

Answer 49

No, they code for different amino acids

Question 50

Are AGG and CGG synonymous codons?

Answer 50

Yes, they both code for Arg

Question 51

What are the first four amino acids in the mRNA sequence 5'-CAUGGGAUCGUUUGACC-3'?

Answer 51

His-Gly-Ile-Val

Question 52

What happens if the first 'C' in the sequence is at -1?

Answer 52

Met-Gly-Ser-Ser

Question 53

What happens if the first 'C' in the sequence is at -9?

Answer 53

Val

Question 54

What is the focus of epigenetic regulation?

Answer 54

Is the gene accessible?

Question 55

What does transcriptional regulation determine?

Answer 55

Can transcription start?

Question 56

What does post-transcriptional regulation affect?

Answer 56

What does mRNA look like?

Question 57

What does translational regulation affect?

Answer 57

Can translation start?

Question 58

What does post-translational regulation determine?

Answer 58

What does the protein look like and how long will it last?