Unit 3, Part 3 Flashcards
(16 cards)
What is DNA profiling?
A method used to identify individuals based on their unique DNA patterns
DNA profiling is also known as DNA fingerprinting.
What are the goals of DNA sequencing?
To determine the sequence of nucleotides in a DNA sample
DNA sequencing helps in understanding genetic information.
What is Sanger sequencing?
A method of DNA sequencing that is very accurate for small DNA segments (~1,000 bp)
Sanger sequencing is also known as chain-termination sequencing.
What are the different technologies available for DNA sequencing?
- Sanger sequencing
- Next generation sequencing (NGS)
- 3rd generation sequencing
These technologies vary in speed, cost, and the amount of data they can generate.
What is the difference between linkage mapping and physical mapping?
Linkage mapping is based on recombination frequency, while physical mapping is based on sequencing
Linkage mapping measures in map units (relative distance), and physical mapping measures in base pairs (actual position).
What are microsatellites?
Small sections of repeating DNA that can vary in number between individuals
Microsatellites are also referred to as short tandem repeats (STRs).
What is the purpose of using gel electrophoresis in DNA profiling?
To separate DNA fragments based on their size
Gel electrophoresis helps visualize the DNA fragments for analysis.
What is the significance of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA profiling?
SNPs are common variations in the DNA sequence that can be used as markers for genetic analysis
SNPs are detectable in more than 1% of the population.
Fill in the blank: The key starting tools/principles for DNA analysis methods are _______ & Gel electrophoresis.
PCR
What is the role of restriction enzymes in DNA profiling?
To cut the DNA around known satellite DNA regions into fragments
Fragment length will differ between individuals based on the number of microsatellites.
What is the goal of parentage testing in DNA profiling?
To identify whether a child shares parental fragments with potential parents
It is not about proving parentage but rather about excluding potential parents.
What happens during Sanger sequencing if a ddNTP is added?
The DNA extension terminates at that point
This creates fragments of different lengths for sequencing analysis.
True or False: In DNA profiling, fewer potential sires is better for determining parentage.
True
What is the focus of structural genomic studies?
The organization and sequence order of the genome
Structural genomics provides insights into genomic architecture.
What is the difference between the goals of structural and functional genomic studies?
Structural focuses on organization and sequence, while functional focuses on gene expression
Both studies contribute to understanding the genome’s role in biology.
What is the importance of comparative genomics?
It allows for the comparison of genomes from different species to understand evolutionary relationships
Comparative genomics can reveal insights into gene function and genetic diversity.
