Unit 2 Skeletal Exam Prep Flashcards
(22 cards)
what are the functions of the skeletal system
support, protection, movement, mineral storage and hematopoiesis
give example of short bones
cube shaped, carpals / tarsals
What are the 4 main bone cells
osteoprogenitor - baby bone cells
osteoblasts - Adult bone cell
osteocytes - Retired bone cell
Osteoclasts - Bone eating cells
What is a lacunae
gap where the osteocytes are - retire at the lake
What is an osteon
columns of bone tissue in longitudinal pattern - The little city - looks like rings of a tree trunk
What are the rings of the osteon called
lamellae - alternating directions of collagen fibers - restistant to twisting
What is the haversian canal
conduit for small blood vessels and nerves that serve the osteons
What are canaliculli
canals that connect the lacunae to each other and the central haversian canal
What is the purpose of the canaliculli
to transport nutrients and waste
Where is trabeculae found?
in spongy bone
what are volkmans canals
canals that connect between osteons for blood supply
what are the two types of ossification during bone development
intramembranous and endochondrial.
Describe intramembranous ossification
bone forms within connective tissue - skull bones. spongy bone is created first then compact bone is formed over it. multiple centers of ossification. skull bones, part of mandible and shafts of clavicles are formed this way
Describe endochondral ossification
Builds upon cartilage framework. Most of bones in body. perichondrium becomes periosteom. Bone collar formed around cartilage.
What are the two types of bone growth
appositional and endochondral
describe appositional growth
osteoblasts from the periosteum form new bone growing outward surrounding blood vessels to create new osteons. Osteoblasts left behind become osteocytes.
describe endochondral growth
Bone arises from cells at the growth plates - lengthening the bone
what is osteoporosis
reduction in bone tissue can be caused by decreased calcium / vitamin d
what are the 3 types of joints
fibrous (sutures / gomphoses(teeth joint))
Catrilaginous (symphyses)
Synovial (articular joints)
what are the 6 types of synovial joints
plane (carpals,tarsals,vertebrae) Pivot (atlas/axis, rotation of radius/ulna) Hinge (elbow, knee) Ball and Socket (hip, humerus) Elipsoid (TMJ, Atlas/occipital bone) Saddle (intercarpal, sternoclavicular)
How do bones connect to muscles
the periosteum (outer fibrous tissue) surrounds the bone and forms tendons which connect to the muscle.
What is the difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
osteo is basically a worn joint. Rheumatoid is an autoimmune response that attacks the joints.
