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Biology 1 > Unit 2 Test: Cells Study Guide > Flashcards

Unit 2 Test: Cells Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three principles of the Cell Theory?

A

cells are the basic unit of life, all living things are made up of cells, and all cells come from other cells.

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2
Q

What organelles are found in prokaryotic cells?

A

cytoplasm, ribosomes, cell membrane and cell wall

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3
Q

What are the four things prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have in common?

A

cells have a plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and DNA

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4
Q

What organelles are found only in plant cells?

A

chloroplast, cell wall and a vacuole.

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5
Q

What organelles are found only in animal cells?

A

Centrosomes and lysosomes

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6
Q

How is the cell membrane related to homeostasis?

A

the cell membrane only allows certain things into and out of the cell, allowing the cell to maintain stable conditions that are different from the environment.

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7
Q

What are the parts of the cell membrane?

A

phospholipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and other lipids such as cholesterol.

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8
Q

What are the two main types of transport?

A

passive and active transport.

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9
Q

What types of molecules can easily pass through the membrane?

A

Small nonpolar molecules, such as O2 and CO2

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10
Q

What are the types of passive transport?

A

Simple Diffusion osmosis Facilitated Diffusion

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11
Q

Does passive transport move up or down the concentration gradient?

A

down

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12
Q

What are the types of active transport?

A

ion pumps, exocytosis and endocytosis.

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13
Q

Does active transport move up or down the concentration gradient?

A

up

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14
Q

What type of transport requires the use of energy?

A

Active transport

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15
Q

What type of solution is an isotonic solution? How does it affect the cell?

A

An isotonic solution has the same solute concentration compared to the intracellular solute concentration.

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16
Q

What type of solution is a hypertonic solution? How does it affect the cell?

A

has a higher solute concentration compared to the intracellular solute concentration.

17
Q

What type of solution is a hypotonic solution? How does it affect the cell?

A

has a lower solute concentration compared to the intracellular solute concentration. When a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, there will be a net movement of free water into the cell.

18
Q

What are the parts of Interphase and what occurs in each step?

A

G1 phase (cell growth), followed by S phase (DNA synthesis), followed by G2 phase (cell growth

19
Q

What are the functions of the cell cycle?

A

duplicate accurately the vast amount of DNA in the chromosomes and then segregate the copies precisely into two genetically identical daughter cells.

20
Q

What is the name of asexual reproduction in bacteria?

A

binary fission

21
Q

What is mitosis?

A

a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.

22
Q

What are the stages of mitosis in order?

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

23
Q

What is the difference between cytokinesis in plants and animals?

A

Cytokinesis in plants and animals is different from each other due to the presence of cell walls in plant cells.

24
Q

Throughout the cell’s cycle, there are built in ______ that are designed to be a check and balance system for the cell. What do these checkpoints look for?

A
  • checkpoints
25
Q

Programmed cell death is known as

A

apoptosis

26
Q

What is cancer?

A

disease in which some of the body’s cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body.

27
Q

Cancer cells form disorganized clumps called

A

tumors

28
Q

What is a carcinogen?

A

changes your DNA, it triggers a chain reaction that turns normal cells into cancerous cells

29
Q

What is a stem cell?

A

cells with the potential to develop into many different types of cells in the body

30
Q

What is cell differentiation?

A

during which young, immature (unspecialized) cells take on individual characteristics and reach their mature (specialized) form and function.

31
Q

What are some real-world applications of stem cells?

A

Tissue regeneration

Biology 1 (9 decks)

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