Unit 2: The Forces of Nature — Grammar

Question 1

What is a sentence?

Answer 1

A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought

Question 2

What is a sentence fragment?

Answer 2

A group of words that expresses an incomplete thought

Question 3

What does a subject do in a sentence?

Answer 3

The subject names the person, place, thing, or idea that the sentence is about

Question 4

What does the predicate do?

Answer 4

The predicate tells something about the subject

Question 5

What are the two main parts of a sentence?

Answer 5

Subject and predicate

Question 6

What is a complete subject?

Answer 6

A complete subject includes all the words used to identify the person, place, thing, or idea that the sentence is about (ask “Whom?” or “What?”)

Question 7

What is a simple subject?

Answer 7

A simple subject is the main word in the complete subject

Question 8

True or False: Sometimes a complete subject and simple subject are the same

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What is a complete predicate?

Answer 9

A complete predicate includes all the words that tell what the subject is doing of that tell something about the subject

Question 10

What is a simple predicate?

Answer 10

A simple predicate, or verb, is the main word or phrase in the complete predicate

Question 11

What is a verb phrase?

Answer 11

A verb phrase includes the main verb plus any auxiliary verbs

Question 12

What is a compound subject?

Answer 12

A compound subject is two or more subjects in one sentence that have the same verb and are joined by a conjunction

Question 13

What is a compound verb?

Answer 13

A compound verb is formed when two or more verbs in one sentence have the same subject and are joined by a conjunction

Question 14

What is natural order?

Answer 14

When the subject in a sentence comes before the verb, the sentence is in natural order

Question 15

What is inverted order?

Answer 15

When the verb or part of a verb phrase comes before the subject, the sentence is in inverted order

Question 16

What order are questions in?

Answer 16

Inverted order

Question 17

What order are sentences that start with “here” or “there” in?

Answer 17

Sentences that begin within”here” or “there” are in inverted order. To find the subject of these sentences drop “there” or “here”and reorder it

Question 18

What is the subject when the subject is not stated?

Answer 18

When the subject of a sentence is not stated, the subject is an “understood you”, seen in commands

Question 19

What are the three forms of irony in literature?

Answer 19

Verbal Irony, Dramatic Irony, and Situational Irony

Question 20

What is verbal irony?

Answer 20

The literal meaning of someone’s words is different from the intended meaning

Question 21

What is dramatic irony?

Answer 21

In a story, this occurs when the reader knows about a situation that the characters do not know about

Question 22

What is situational irony?

Answer 22

This occurs when the outcome of a situation is different than what is expected

Question 22

What is situational irony?

Answer 22

This occurs when the outcome of a situation is different than what is expected

Question 23

What is verbal irony usually represented as?

Answer 23

Sarcasm

Question 24

What is a pun?

Answer 24

A pun is a form of verbal irony that plays on multiple, simultaneous meanings (joke)

Question 25

What is irony?

Answer 25

The expression of one’s meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect

Question 26

How do can you fix a sentence fragment?

Answer 26

A sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought because it is missing a subject or verb. You can correct a sentence fragment by adding a subject or verb, or by attaching the fragment to another sentence

Question 27

True or False: some sentence fragments result from incorrect punctuation

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What is the base of a sentence?

Answer 28

A subject and verb

Question 29

Besides a subject and verb, what do some sentences need to make them complete?

Answer 29

Many sentences also need a complement to complete their meaning. Complements include a verb’s direct and indirect object

Question 30

What is a complement?

Answer 30

A complement is a word or group of words that completes the meaning of subjects or verbs

Question 31

What are the four kinds of complements?

Answer 31

Direct objects, indirect objects, predicate nominatives, and predicate adjectives

Question 32

Together, a subject, a verb, and a complement form what?

Answer 32

The sentence base

Question 33

What is a direct object?

Answer 33

A direct object is a noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb (ask “What?” or “Whom?” after verb)

Question 34

What type of verbs do direct objects complete?

Answer 34

Action verbs

Question 35

What objects do verbs that show ownership take?

Answer 35

Direct objects

Question 36

What is a “compound direct object”?

Answer 36

Sometimes two or more direct objects, called a “compound direct object”, will follow a single verb. On the other hand, each part of a compound verb may have its own direct object

Question 37

What is an indirect object?

Answer 37

An indirect object answers the questions “To or For Whom?” or “To or For What?” after an action verb

Question 38

What comes first, an indirect or direct object in a sentence?

Answer 38

Indirect object

Question 39

What is a compound indirect object?

Answer 39

A verb in a sentence can have two or more indirect objects called a compound indirect object

Question 40

True or False: An indirect object is never part of a prepositional phrase

Answer 40

True

Question 41

True or False: you cannot have an indirect object without a direct object in a sentence

Answer 41

True

Question 42

What is a predicate nominative?

Answer 42

A predicate nominative is a noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and identifies, renames, or explains the subject

Question 43

What is a subject complement?

Answer 43

A subject complement is a complement that follows a linking verb and renames or describes the subject

Question 44

What are the two subject complements?

Answer 44

Predicate nominative and Predicate adjective

Question 45

Can a predicate nominative be compound?

Answer 45

Yes

Question 46

Can a predicate nominative be part of a prepositional phrase?

Answer 46

No

Question 47

What is a predicate adjective?

Answer 47

An adjective that follows a linking verb and modifies the subject

Question 48

Can predicate adjectives be compound?

Answer 48

Yes

Question 49

What is an objective complement?

Answer 49

A noun or adjective that describes or renames the direct object and usually follows the direct object

Question 50

What is case?

Answer 50

Case is the form of a noun or a pronoun that indicates its use in a sentence

Question 51

What are the three cases?

Answer 51

The nominative case, the objective case, and the possessive case. Unlike nouns, personal pronouns usually change form for each of the 3 cases

Question 52

What is nominative case?

Answer 52

Used for subject and predicate nominatives (subjective case)

Question 53

What is objective case?

Answer 53

Used for direct objects, indirect objects, and the objects of a preposition

Question 54

True or False: pronoun subjects are always in the nominative case

Answer 54

True

Question 55

What is an appositive?

Answer 55

A pronoun that is used as a subject can also have a noun appositive. An appositive is a word that comes right after the pronoun and identifies or renames it

Question 56

True or False: an appositive will never affect the case of a pronoun

Answer 56

True

Answer 57

Sometimes using a pronoun as a predicate nominative sounds awkward even though the pronoun is correct. When you write, you can avoid awkwardness if you reword a sentence, making the predicate nominative the subject