Unit 5: Crossing Border — Grammar

Question 1

True or False: Phrases can be used to add details in writing

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What is a phrase?

Answer 2

A phrase is a group of words that function as a single part of speech

Question 3

What is the difference between phrases and sentences, concerning subjects and verbs?

Answer 3

Phrases do not have subjects and verbs like sentences do

Question 4

What do preposition phrases start and end with?

Answer 4

Prepositional phrases begin with a preposition and end with a noun or pronoun known as the object of the preposition

Question 5

What can prepositional phrase be used as?

Answer 5

Adjective and Adverb phrases

Question 6

What is an adjective phrase?

Answer 6

An adjective phrase is a prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or pronoun

Question 7

What questions does an adjective phrase answer?

Answer 7

An adjective and an adjective phrase answer “Which one?” and “What kind?”

Question 8

What is an adverb phrase and what questions does it answer?

Answer 8

An adverb phrase is a prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb, and answers the questions “Where?”, “When?”, “How?”, “To what extent?”, “To what degree?”, and “Why?”

Question 9

What is an appositive?

Answer 9

An appositive is a noun or pronoun that renames or explains another noun or pronoun in a sentence

Question 10

What is an appositive phrase?

Answer 10

An appositive phrase is an appositive with modifiers working together to rename or explain another noun or pronoun

Question 11

What is the root word of “appositive”?

Answer 11

The root word of “appositive” is “appose”, meaning to place near or next to

Question 12

Where are appositives and appositive phrases in sentences? What other trait can they hold?

Answer 12

Appositives and appositive phrases usually follow the noun or pronoun they describe, and can be essential or non-essential

Question 13

What are non-essential appositives and appositive phrases separated by?

Answer 13

Commas

Question 14

What are the three verbal phrases?

Answer 14

Participles, gerunds, and infinitives

Question 15

What is a participle?

Answer 15

A participle is a verb form used as an adjective in a sentence

Question 16

What is a participial phrase?

Answer 16

A participial phrase is a participle with its modifiers and compliments working together to function as an adjective

Question 17

What questions does a participle answer?

Answer 17

“Which ones?” And “What kind?”

Question 18

What does a participial phrase start with?

Answer 18

A participle

Question 19

What is a gerund?

Answer 19

A gerund is the “-ing” form of a verb that is used as a noun

Question 20

What is a gerund phrase?

Answer 20

A gerund phrase is a gerund with its modifiers and compliments working together to function as a noun

Question 21

What is an infinitive?

Answer 21

An infinitive is a verb form that’s usually begins with the word “to”, and is used as a noun, adjective, or adverb

Question 22

What is an infinitive phrase?

Answer 22

An infinitive phrase is an infinitive with its modifiers and compliments working together to function as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb

Question 23

What is a dangling modifier?

Answer 23

A dangling modifier is a modifier that does not modify anything

Question 24

What type of clauses are adjective, adverb, and noun clauses?

Answer 24

Dependent (Subordinate) Clauses

Question 25

What is a clause?

Answer 25

A clause is a group of words containing a subject and predicate

Question 26

True or False: Without an independent clause, a dependent clause does not make sense

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What are adjective clauses?

Answer 27

Adjective clauses are dependent clauses that behave like adjectives in a sentence. These clauses always begin with a relative pronoun (which, whose, who, whom, that) and modify nouns

Question 28

What are adverb clauses?

Answer 28

Adverb clauses are dependent clauses that behave like adverbs in a sentence. These clauses always begin with subordinating conjunctions and modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs

Question 29

What are noun clauses?

Answer 29

Noun clauses are dependent clauses that are used as nouns. There are two types: 1) dependent clauses beginning with “that”, “if”, and “whether” 2) dependent clauses beginning with “wh-“ words (like “what” and “who”), “how”, and “however”

Question 30

What is a verbal?

Answer 30

A verbal is a word that expresses action but cannot be used as the main verb in a sentence. Instead, the word is used as a noun, adjective, or adverb

Question 31

What benefits does a verbal provide, depending on its location?

Answer 31

Verbals add variety when placed at the beginning of a sentence, and add conciseness when they are used to combine two simple sentences

Question 32

What is another name for independent clauses?

Answer 32

Main clauses

Question 33

What are the prefixes “un-“, “dis-“, and “ir-“ frequently used for?

Answer 33

To form a word’s antonym or indicate an opposite meaning

Question 34

What are adjectival clauses sometimes called?

Answer 34

Adjectival clauses are sometimes called relative clauses since they usually begin with a relative pronoun

Question 35

What can a relative pronoun serve as within an adjectival clause?

Answer 35

A relative pronoun can serve as a subject, direct object, or an object of a preposition within an adjectival clause. It can also show procession

Question 36

What does a restrictive adjectival clause answer?

Answer 36

“Which one?”

Question 37

What does a non-restrictive adjectival clause answer?

Answer 37

“What kind?”

Question 38

What can a noun clause be used as?

Answer 38

A noun clause can be used as a subject, direct object, indirect object, an object of a preposition, and as a predicate nominative

Question 39

What is the relationship between adverb clauses and independent clauses?

Answer 39

Abverb clauses are attached to an independent clause and provide more information about the action described in the independent clause

Question 40

What does a simple sentence consist of?

Answer 40

A simple sentence has one independent clause

Question 41

What does a compound sentence consist of?

Answer 41

A compound sentence combines one or more independent clauses using a conjunction or semicolon

Question 42

What does a complex sentence consist of?

Answer 42

A complex sentence combines an independent clause with one or more subordinate clauses

Question 43

What does a compound-complex sentence consist of?

Answer 43

A compound-complex sentence includes two or more independent clauses and at least one subordinate clause

Question 44

What are the suffixes “-ence” and “-action” frequently added to words for?

Answer 44

To form a noun

Question 45

Dialect Definition

Answer 45

Spoken language that is unique to a geographical region and/or social group

Question 46

Why do authors use dialect?

Answer 46

- To sharpen characterization - To help readers distinguish amount characters - To establish setting - To make a story more interesting