Unit 2 - The Standard Model

Question 1

What happened in the Rutherford scattering experiment?

Answer 1

Most of the alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil
A few were deflected through large angles
A small amount were deflected backwards

Question 2

What was the 2 results of the Rutherford scattering experiment?

Answer 2

• atoms are mostly empty space

- the produce large deflections, the particles must be encountering something of very large mass and a positive charge

Question 3

What does antimatter consist of?

Answer 3

Particles that are identical to their counterparts in every way apart from charge

Question 4

What happens when a matter particle meets an anti-matter particle?

Answer 4

They annihilate each other & their mass is turned into energy

Question 5

What is the name given to the fundamental mass particles?

Answer 5

Fermions

Question 6

How many fermions are there?

Answer 6

12

Question 7

What are the two groups of fermions?

Answer 7

Leptons & quarks

Question 8

How many force mediating particles are there?

Answer 8

4

Question 9

What is the name given to force mediating particles?

Answer 9

Bosons

Question 10

Name all 6 quarks

Answer 10

Up 
Down 
Charm 
Strange 
Top
Bottom

Question 11

Name all 6 leptons

Answer 11

Electron 
Muon 
Tau 
Electron neutrino 
Muon neutrino 
Tau neutrino

Question 12

Name the 4 bosons

Answer 12

Photon
Gluon
Z boson
W boson

Question 13

What quarks are used to make up protons & neutrons

Answer 13

Up and down

Question 14

What are hadrons?

Answer 14

Particles made up of quarks

Question 15

What is the name given to particles made up of quarks?

Answer 15

Hadrons

Question 16

What are the 2 different types of hadron?

Answer 16

Baryon & meson

Question 17

How many quarks make up a Baryon?

Answer 17

3

Question 18

How many quarks make up a meson?

Answer 18

2

Question 19

Two examples of a baryon?

Answer 19

Proton

Neutron

Question 20

What does a proton consist of?

Answer 20

2 up quarks & 1 down quark

Question 21

What does a neutron consist of?

Answer 21

1 up quark & 2 down quarks

Question 22

Give an example of a meson

Answer 22

Pion

Question 23

What is the evidence for a neutrino?

Answer 23

Beta decay experiments

Question 24

What is the force used to hold particle of the same force together?

Answer 24

Strong nuclear force

Question 25

What particle is responsible for carrying the strong force?

Answer 25

Gluon

Question 26

Where is the weak nuclear force involved?

Answer 26

Radioactive beta decay

Question 27

What force is used to hold electrons in atoms?

Answer 27

Electromagnetic force

Question 28

What particles are responsible for carrying the weak nuclear force?

Answer 28

W & Z bosons

Question 29

What particle is responsible for carrying the electromagnetic force?

Answer 29

Photon

Question 30

What force is responsible for holding matter in planets, stars and galaxies?

Answer 30

Gravitational force

Question 31

What particle is responsible for carrying the gravitational force?

Answer 31

Graviton

Question 32

Give a use of antimatter

Answer 32

PET Scanners

Question 33

What charge does an up quark have

Answer 33

+2/3

Question 34

What charge does a down quark have?

Answer 34

-1/3

Question 35

What are mesons made up of?

Answer 35

A quark & an anti quark

Question 36

What is the weakest force?

Answer 36

Gravitational force

Question 37

What is a fundamental particle

Answer 37

A particle which cannot be broken down into anything else