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GCSE Geography Revision > Unit 2 - Topic 4 - UK landscape Section > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Topic 4 - UK landscape Section Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Rock types
What are the 3 main rock types?

A

Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic

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2
Q

Rock types
What are the two main types of igneous rock?

A

Granite and basalt

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3
Q

Rock types
Volcanic igneous rock is formed from cooling ____ whereas plutonic igneous rock is formed from cooling ____

A

Lava then magma

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4
Q

Rock types
Which type of rock has smaller crystals: basalt or granite rock?

A

Basalt

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5
Q

Rock types
What type of igneous rock is basalt?

A

Volcanic

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6
Q

Rock types
What makes a type of igneous rock have small crystals?

A

Small cooling time

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7
Q

Rock types
True or false: igneous rock is very resistant

A

True

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8
Q

Rock types
How is igneous rock formed?

A

Formed from cooling lava (volcanic) or magma (plutonic) which crystallises and makes rocks

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9
Q

Rock types
How is sedimentary rock made?

A

Deposited and compacted sediment

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10
Q

Rock types
What three stages take place to break up igneous rock and form compacted layers of sediment?

A

Weathering, erosion, transportation and deposition

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11
Q

Rock types
What type of sedimentary rock is formed from compacted sand?

A

Sandstone

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12
Q

Rock types
What type of sedimentary rock is formed from compacted sandstone?

A

Millstone grit

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13
Q

Rock types
What type of sedimentary rock is formed from compacted mud?

A

Clay

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14
Q

Rock types
What type of sedimentary rock is formed from 1 stage of compacted clay?

A

Shale

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15
Q

Rock types
What type of metamorphic rock is formed from compacted shale

A

Slate

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16
Q

Rock types
True or false: neither sandstone or millstone grit are resistant

A

False: they are both very resistant - millstone grit is more resistant

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17
Q

Rock types
When sandstone is younger (<100 million years old) it is ___ resistant whereas when it is older (>300 million years old) it is ___ resistant

A

Less then more

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18
Q

Rock types
Clay is _____ whereas shale is ____ but then slate is _____
Choose words from: brittle/harder, crumbly/weak, very resistant

A

Crumbly/weak, brittle/harder, very resistant

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19
Q

Rock types
What type of rock is schist?

A

Metamorphic

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20
Q

Rock types
How is metamorphic rock formed?

A

Sedimentary rock under pressure and heat

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21
Q

Rock types
What is chalk formed from?

A

Compacted oceanic organic matter

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22
Q

Rock types
Chalk has ____ resistance than clay
More/less

A

More

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23
Q

Rock types
What is Carboniferous limestone formed from?

A

Crystallised coral, fossils and rock fragments (using calcium carbonate)

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24
Q

Rock types
Which properties does Carboniferous limestone have:
Layers called bedding planes
Resistant
Porous/permeable

A

All of them

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25
Rock types What is marble (metamorphic) rock formed from?
Limestone
26
Rock types True or false: chalk is young limestone
True
27
Rock types State the rock types in this order of rock creation Clay Shale Slate Schist
Sedimentary then metamorphic (slate and schist)
28
Rock types Select the rock types in this order of rock creation Sandstone Millstone grit Chalk Carboniferous limestone Marble
Sedimentary then marble is metamorphic
29
Rock types What is the distribution of igneous rock across the UK
Sparse clusters
30
Rock types What is the distribution of sedimentary rock in the UK
Found south east of the tees exe line
31
Rock types What is the distribution of metamorphic in the UK?
Found in Northern Ireland and Scotland
32
Rock types True or false: wales has allot of Carboniferous limestone
True
33
Rock types What does the tees exe line separate
Older vs younger, sedimentary vs other rocks, and highland vs lowland
34
Rock types Where does the Tees Exe run between?
River Tees in Newcastle and river Exe in Devon
35
Rock types Where are the fens?
South east England
36
Rock types What word describes the pattern of rock distribution in the UK
Strata / linear pattern
37
Rock types What is geology?
The study of the structure of the earth, it’s history and rocks
38
Rock types What are two ways in which geology influences relief? ________ sedimentary makes lowland _____ sedimentary and _____ make upland as they are ____ resistant
Younger Older Metamorphic More
39
Rock types What is relief?
The way landscape changes with height
40
Rock types What is topography?
The shape of the land
41
Rock types What is a plateau
An area of flat upland
42
Rock types What is upland vs lowland?
High above sea level vs low (close to sea level)
43
Rock types What are rock strata
Layers/lines of rock
44
Rock types What is a landscape ?
An area of land with particular shapes and features (can be viewed at one point)
45
Rock types What is a landform?
A distinct natural feature of land shaped by natural processes
46
Rock types What is the relationship between topography and geology
Less resistant rocks are flat as weather and erosion occur and prevent distinct shapes being formed
47
Glaciation What is an ice age?
Period of colder climates where ice forms on land
48
Glaciation What is the term for periods between glacial periods
Interglacial periods
49
Glaciation What was the most recent ice age?
Pleistocene - 2 million years ago
50
Glaciation What is the concept of paleomagnetism?
Magnetism of the rock is frozen into it
51
Glaciation What is the concept of paleomagnetism used to do?
Radiation can detect and date rocks
52
Glaciation True or false: London didn’t have ice reach it
True
53
Glaciation What is an arête?
Two back to back corries
54
Glaciation What is a hanging valley?
Smaller glaciers erode valley less than main glaciers - waterfalls often from around here
55
Glaciation What are the three stages of corrie formation?
Snow accumulates Plucking steepens - vertical erosion + rotational slip + abrasion Slope breaks more and deepens wall with lateral erosion (freeze thaw weathering) - makes bowl shape
56
Glaciation What is a ribbon lake?
Glaciers move over hard then soft rock, eroding soft rock easily and creating space for a ribbon lake
57
Glaciation How is a u shaped valley made?
Glaciers widen and steepen valleys with lateral and vertical erosion
58
Glaciation What is a process?
Something that shapes a feature
59
Glaciation What is a feature?
Naturally occurring aspect of the land shaped by a feature
60
Glaciation What is an erratic?
Plucking moves large rocks through transportation down valley and then deposition
61
Glaciation What is a pyramidal peak?
Formed when 3 or more corries meet
62
Glaciation What is freeze thaw weathering?
Freshwater enters cracks in rock, freezes, expands by 10% then breaks rock
63
Glaciation What type of erosion (vertical or lateral) is plucking?
Vertical
64
Glaciation What is plucking?
Ice freezes around rocks, as glacier moves it pulls rocks with it
65
Glaciation What is abrasion?
Plucked rocks scrape against each other and mark the land
66
Glaciation What type of erosion is abrasion (vertical or lateral erosion)?
Vertical mainly - might need checking
67
Glaciation What is transportation?
The glacier carries stuff as rocks fall on it or trapped under or frozen into it
68
Glaciation What is deposition?
A glacier melts and all the material (glacial till) is left on the valley floor
69
Glaciation What is the material that the glacier holds called?
Glacial till
70
Glaciation What does glacial melting create?
Glacier melts at lower altitudes and feeds river or lake
71
Glaciation What are the main weathering processes in the Lake District?
Freeze thaw weathering (physical) chemical weathering
72
Glaciation What is continental drift?
When continents move
73
Glaciation The UK used to be much closer to a plate boundary due to continental drift - what 3 things did this cause
1. Active volcano ->igneous rock 2. Heat and pressure from colliding plates ->metamorphic rock 3. Plate collisions at convergent plate boundaries -> folded rock
74
Glaciation What feature is found at Malham Cove?
Limestone pavement
75
Glaciation How was the limestone pavement at Malham cove formed?
Plates compress rock, push it up Cracks in pavement form
76
UK Landscape What are three mountain ranges of high relief in UK?
Pennines(Cumbria), Grampians (Scotland), Cambrians (Wales)

GCSE Geography Revision (15 decks)

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