Unit 2 - True Flashcards
(25 cards)
what is metabolism
metabolism is the sum of all biological transformation of energy and matter
what is animal heat + who deduced that …… + what is it prop to
Antoine Lavoiser deduced that heat
produced by an animal is proportional
to O2 consumed and CO2 produced
“animal heat” is a byproduct of
chemical reactions (metabolism)
anabolic reactions
The anabolic process involves using energy to create bigger, complex molecules from
smaller, simpler molecules.
What is catabolism
Catabolism, involves breaking down of complex molecules into simple molecules and releasing energy for the body to use.
what is photosynthesis ( 4 points)
Plants make food using
photosynthesis. This needs
light, carbon dioxide and
water. It produces glucose,
and oxygen as a by-product.
Leaves are adapted to
carry out photosynthesis.
State the word and balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration
The word equation for aerobic respiration is:
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (+ energy released)
Chemical eq:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
Word eq for anaerobic respiration
The equation is: glucose + enzymes = carbon dioxide + ethanol / lactic acid. Though it does not produce as much energy as aerobic respiration
What is respiration?
Respiration is a chemical reaction which occurs in all living cells, releasing energy from glucose. Glucose is a very stable molecule that does not readily break down to release energy – ATP easily breaks down and so is a more suitable source of direct energy in cells.
Break down of glucose
In Teh cytoplasm teh 6n carbon glucose compund is broken into a 3 carbin compound called pyruvic acid is a process called glycolysis. No oxygen is required for this process but not much energy is released
If respiration takes place without oxygen what is formed
In humans lactic acid is formed, in yeast and plants carbon dioxide and alcohol are formed
Limiting factors
Factors that plants need for photosynthesis are called limiting factors. If a plant does not have enough of them and the rate of photosynthesis is slower. Limiting factors include sunlight carbon dioxide concentration amount of chlorophyll and temperature
How are leaves designed to absorb sunlight (2)
The flat surfaces of leaves provide a large surface area for light absorption. Teh palisade cells that contain teh most chloroplasts are near teh top of teh leaf where there is most sunlight.m
Hwo is carbon dioxide absorbed by plants
Co2 ebetrs teh plants through stomata in Teh lower surface of the leaf and circulates in air spaces before being taken in by spongy mesophyll cells.
What are enzymes (3)
Biological catalysts made up of proteins. End in - ase
What breaks down what
Protease breaks down proteins, carbohydrate breaks down carbohydrates, lipase breaks down lipids
Enzyme substrate complex
When an enzyme and substare combine tehy form an enzyme substrate complex
Lock and key
Teh way that enzymes react with substare is called teh lock and key mechanism ? Teh enzyme is teh lock which has a specific shape into which one substare ( teh key ) fits.
Why do men have a higher resting metabolic rate ?
Teh more muscle on your body and teh less fat teh higher the metabolic rate ( muscle used more energy than fat at rest). Women tend to have more body fat than men.
Men also tend to be larger, leading to a higher metabolic rate. Teh grater the mass teh higher the metabolic rate
Exmaples of anabolic reactions
Glycogen from glucose
Sugar form co#
Example of catabolic reaction
Digestion
Citric acid cycle
Aerobic respiration definition
Breakdown of glucose in Teh precense if oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy. Releases more ATP than anaerobic respiration
Mitochondria
Site of aerobic respiration
Carbohydrates
Main source of energy
Proteins
Helps ten bidy build and repair cells
