Unit 2.02 - 2.03 Flashcards
What are Lewis Structures
Lewis Structures use dots to represent valence (not the shape of the atom; only shows the bonds)
How many dots/dash does H get?
2 dots/1 dash
Define octet rule
In the case of the second period non-metal elements, there is 8 VALENCE electrons
Define expanded octet rule
When some elements in the third period can have more than eight electrons in their outer shell. This only applies when the element is a third period non-metal (or below) and is not showing enough electrons
How many does one dash represent?
2 shared electrons (one bonding pair)
What are nonbonding pairs?
A pair of electrons that are not bonded with another atom, also known as lone pairs
What can determine the shape of covalently bonded molecules and ions?
by considering the number of electron pairs around the central atom
Define VSEPR
Stands for Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion; the theory of the shapes of covantly bonded molecules and ions
What repels more strongly than a bonding pair?
A non-bonding pair/ lone pairs
For the purposes of predicting shape, what can multiple bonds be considered as?
Single bonds
What is the shortcut to predicting if a molecule is polar?
If the central atom is surrounded by different atoms or if there are lone pairs on the central atom (This is not a reason why it’s polar)
What is the shortcut to predicting if a molecule is nonpolar?
If it’s surrounded by the same atom with no lone pairs on the central atom (This is not a reason why it’s polar)
What is the REAL reason why a molecule is non-polar?
When there no existing dipoles or if the dipoles cancel out.
What is the REAL reason why a molecule is polar?
When there is only one dipole that has nothing to cancel it out, or when there are multiple dipoles but they don’t cancel each other out.
What is the hybridization of 2 electron domains?
sp
