Unit 3.03 - 3.06 Flashcards
What happens when intermolecular forces of two substances are similar?
the substances tend to be miscible (they mix).
What are the requirements for any solute to dissolve in any solvant?
- Solute-solute and solvent-solvent attractions must be broken
- solute-solvent attractions must be made
Define vapor pressure
When a few molecules possess enough energy to overcome the intermolecular forces holding them together and escape, even if the liquid is below its boiling point
What do weak intermolecular forces cause liquids to have?
Causes liquids to have low boiling points, which means they are volatile (does not mean explosive) and will have high vapor pressures
What was low boiling points mean when it comes to vapor pressure?
Low boiling points = high vapor pressures
The more IMF, the less ____________
vapor pressure
Define Metallic Solids
Solids that are held together by a delocalized sea of electrons
- electrons are collectively shared between all atoms
- leads to properties of metals
Define Ionic solids
Held together by an ionic bond between CATIONS AND ANIONS (metal and nonmetal)
- The repulsion between like (cation/cation) leads to ionic solids being brittle (breakable)
- cannot conduct electricity
Define Covalent-network solids
held together by covalent bonds
- Can lead to extremely hard substances
- Do not conduct electricity
Define molecular solids
held together by intermolecular forces
- tend to be soft
- have low melting points
- cannot conduct electricity
What are the properties of ions present in an ionic solid?
Ions are held rigidly in fixed positions
Examples of Covalent solids?
diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide, and silicon carbide (elements of group 14)
Molecular solids are made from __________
non-metals ONLY
1 atm = ___ mm Hg = ____ torr
760mm Hg: 760 torr
Define kinetic molecular theory
The basis for many properties of gas.
Gases are composed of __________
tiny particles whose size is negligible, which means the volume of the actual individual particles can be assumed to be negligible (incredibly small)
Gas particles move randomly in _____________________
straight lines at various speeds
The forces of attraction and repulsion between two gases particles are _____
negligible
What do the collisions with the walls of the container create?
gas pressure
What is proportional to the average kinetic energy of a gas particle
Kelvin temperature
Define P1V1/T1 = P2V1/T2
An equation used for when the gas changes
Define PV = nRT
The equation used to describe a gas in a constant state
r = 0.0821
- Temp is K
- Volume is L
- Pressure is atm
When should you use r = 0.0821?
What describing a gas at a constant state
When should you use r = 8.314?
When it deals with energy
