Unit 3.01 - 3.02 Flashcards
What are the properties of a solid?
Has a definite shape and a definite volume; The particles are tightly packed together and only vibrate gently around fixed positions
What are the properties of a liquid?
Has no definite shape, but has a definite volume; The particles are free to move
What are the properties of a gas?
Neither has definite shape nor volume; The particles spread apart, filling all the space of the container
What properties are depended upon how the particles that make up the solid or liquid arranged, and the extent of the attraction between those particles?
Viscosity, surface tension, hardness, etc,.
What does the straight line mean in a heating or cooling curve?
It means that the energy is being used to weaken and separate the particles from each other; transition period
The Liquid/Gas transition line is always…
longer
What does slope indicate in a heating or cooling curve?
Heat capacity
What is inter bonding based on?
Based upon the Coulombic attraction between opposite charges
Properties of inter bonding?
Usually very small, relatively very weak attraction
Define London Dispersion (LDF)
Occurs when small electrostatic forces are caused by the movement of electrons within the covalent bonds of a molecule. This movement causes small, temporary dipoles
What molecules can have LDF
Any molecule
LDF increases with…
Surface area and with the polarizability of the atom or molecule
Define polarizability
The ability to become polar
Polarizability increases along with the number…
of electrons
Larger molecules with larger surface area have more electrons, therefore
it has a greater polarizability and leads to greater attractions and therefore higher boiling points.
However, isomers have
different surface area and boiling points
single atoms are always…
nonpolar
Number of electrons increase along with…
boiling point
As the number of electrons increase, what happened to the strength of attractions?
Gets stronger
Define Dipole Dipole Forces
When molecules that have permanent dipoles come together, they will arrange themselves so that the negative and the positive ends of the molecules attract one another.
Define Dipole Induced Dipole Forces
When a polar molecule approaches a nonpolar molecule and induces (forces) a dipole.
Define Ion-Dipole Force
A polar molecule interacts with an ion.
What molecules can have Dipole Dipole?
Polar molecules ONLY
Define hydrogen bonding
Forms a covalent bond its electron is held to one side of the nucleus leaving the other side completely exposed. This means there is a small portion that is negative and a big portion of a positive side.
