Unit 2A Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is Cell Theory?
A fundamental biological principle stating that all living organisms are composed of cells, that cells are the basic unit of life, and that all cells arise from pre-existing cells.
What is a prokaryote?
Organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and other organelles.
What is a eukaryote?
An organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus.
What is a nucleus?
A membrane-bound organelle within a cell that contains the cell’s genetic material, primarily DNA organized into chromosomes, acting as the control center for cellular activities like growth, reproduction, and protein synthesis.
What is a lysosome?
A membrane-bound organelle found in many animal cells that contains digestive enzymes responsible for breaking down waste materials within the cell.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
A cell organelle consisting of a stack of flattened sacs, made up of membranes, that functions to process, modify, and package proteins and lipids for transport within the cell or secretion outside the cell.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
A network of interconnected membrane-bound sacs and tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, primarily responsible for protein synthesis, processing, and transport, as well as lipid synthesis and calcium storage.
What is a mitochondrion?
A small, membrane-bound organelle found within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells.
What is a cell membrane?
A thin, semipermeable barrier that surrounds a cell, separating its internal environment from the external environment and regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
What is a cell wall?
A rigid, non-living structure that surrounds the cell membrane of certain organisms like plants, fungi, and bacteria, providing structural support, protection, and maintaining the cell’s shape.
What is a vacuole?
A membrane-bound organelle within a cell that functions as a storage compartment, filled with fluid and containing various substances like water, enzymes, and waste products.
What is a ribosome?
A small cellular structure found within all cells, composed of RNA and proteins, that functions as the site of protein synthesis, translating the genetic code carried by messenger RNA (mRNA) into a sequence of amino acids to build proteins.
What is a nucleolus?
A small, dense structure located within the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, primarily responsible for producing and assembling the cell’s ribosomes.
What is cytoplasm?
The fluid inside a cell that surrounds the nucleus.
What is a chloroplast?
A specialized organelle found within plant and algal cells that serves as the site for photosynthesis.
What is diffusion?
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
What is osmosis?
The process by which water molecules move through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.
What is pinocytosis?
A process by which cells take in small amounts of fluid and dissolved molecules from outside the cell.
What is active transport?
The movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration.
What is facilitated diffusion?
The diffusion of solutes through transport proteins in the plasma membrane.
What is endocytosis?
A process by which cells bring materials from outside the cell into the cell.
What is exocytosis?
A biological process that moves large molecules and waste out of a cell.
What is a protein pump?
A type of membrane protein that requires energy to move molecules across the cellular membrane against a concentration gradient.
Hypertonic
Water leaves the cell and it shrinks and wrinkles
