Unit 2D Flashcards
(24 cards)
Cell Cycle
A series of events that a cell goes through as it grows and divides, encompassing interphase (G1, S, G2) and the mitotic phase (mitosis and cytokinesis).
Mitosis
The process by which a cell replicates its chromosomes and then segregates them, producing two identical nuclei in preparation for cell division.
Cytokinesis
The physical process of cell division, which divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells.
Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction
Asexual reproduction involves one parent producing genetically identical offspring, while sexual reproduction requires two parents and results in offspring with unique genetic combinations.
Asexual Reproduction
Involves one parent producing genetically identical offspring.
Sexual Reproduction
Requires two parents and results in offspring with unique genetic combinations.
DNA
The molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.
Chromosome
Threadlike structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cell.
Chromatin
A complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Chromatid
One of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division.
Centriole
organizing microtubules to form the mitotic spindle, which separates chromosomes during mitosis
Centromere
A constricted region of a chromosome that links sister chromatids during cell division.
Telomere
A region of repetitive DNA sequences at the end of a chromosome.
Spindle Fibers
Protein structures composed of microtubules that ensure the correct separation and distribution of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis.
Microfibrils
A very fine fibril, or fiber-like strand, consisting of glycoproteins and cellulose.
Microtubules
Hollow, cylindrical structures made of tubulin proteins that form part of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells.
Cell Differentiation
The process during which young, immature (unspecialized) cells take on individual characteristics and reach their mature (specialized) form and function.
Stem Cell
Cells that continuously renew and divide to make exact replicas of themselves.
Specialized Cells
Cells with specific structures and functions, adapted to perform a particular task within the body or plant.
Kinetochore
A large protein complex that forms on a specific part of a chromosome called the centromere.
Cyclin
Proteins that control the progression of a cell through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK).
Karyotype
A visual representation of an individual’s chromosomes, arranged by size and shape, used to identify chromosomal abnormalities.
Binary Fission
A type of asexual reproduction typically observed in prokaryotes and a few single-celled eukaryotes. Cell replication.
Cell Plate
A structure that forms when the cytoplasm of a plant cell divides.
