Unit 2A - Cells, Organs And Populations

Question 0

What do plant cells have but not animals cells?

Answer 0

Cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts

Question 1

What are the parts in an animal cell?

Answer 1

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes

Question 2

What does the nucleus do?

Answer 2

Contains genetic materials and controls the cell

Question 3

What does the cytoplasm do?

Answer 3

It is a gel-like substance that contains enzymes and it is where the chemical reactions happen

Question 4

What does the cell membrane do?

Answer 4

Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out

Question 5

What do the mitochondria do?

Answer 5

Where respiration happens

Question 6

What do ribosomes do?

Answer 6

Where the protein are made

Question 7

What does the cell wall do?

Answer 7

Supports and strengthens plant cells

Question 8

What is the vacuole?

Answer 8

A weak solution of sugar and salts

Question 9

What happens in the chloroplasts ?

Answer 9

They contain chlorophyll and is where photosynthesis happens

Question 10

Name two single called microorganisms

Answer 10

Yeast and bacteria

Question 11

What is the definition of diffusion?

Answer 11

Diffusion is the spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to area of low concentration

Question 12

How do dissolved substances move in and out of substances?

Answer 12

Diffusion

Question 13

What molecules can fit through a cell membrane?

Answer 13

Oxygen, glucose, amino acids and water

Question 14

Why can’t starch and proteins fit through the membrane?

Answer 14

They are too big

Question 15

What are palisade cells adapted for?

Answer 15

Photosynthesis?

Question 16

How are palisade cells adapted for their job?

Answer 16

Contain more chloroplasts than normal, and they are at the top so they are nearer the light for photosynthesis. Tall shape for a large surface area to absorb more CO2. Thin shape so they can be closely packed on the top of the cell.

Question 17

What are guard cells adapted for ?

Answer 17

To open and close pores

Question 18

How are guard cells adapted?

Answer 18

They are a special kidney shake which open when the plant has lots of water and close when it doesn’t, this controls gas exchange and water loss. They are also sensitive to light and close at night to save water

Question 19

What are red blood cells adapted for?

Answer 19

To carry oxygen

Question 20

How are red blood cells adapted?

Answer 20

Concave shape for a large surface area to absorb for oxygen and to help them pass smoothly through capillaries. No nucleus and loads of haemoglobin to absorb more oxygen.

Question 21

What are haemoglobin?

Answer 21

The pigment that absorbs oxygen

Question 22

What cells are adapted for reproduction?

Answer 22

Sperm and egg

Question 23

How is the sperm cell adapted for its function?

Answer 23

Long tail and streamlines to swim to eggs, contains loads of mitochondria for energy and has enzymes in its head to guest through the egg cell membrane

Question 24

How is the egg cell adapted ?

Answer 24

Contains a lot of food reserves to fed the embryo, when the sperm fuses the egg cell membrane instantly changes to stop any more sperm getting in

Question 25

Cells together form?

Answer 25

Tissue

Question 26

Tissues together form?

Answer 26

Organs

Question 27

Organs together form?

Answer 27

Organ systems

Question 28

Define tissue

Answer 28

Tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function

Question 29

What is an organ

Answer 29

An organ is a group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function

Question 30

What is a group of organs working together to perform a particular function called?

Answer 30

Organ system

Question 31

What tissue contracts to move whatever it is attached to and what is its purpose in the stomach?

Answer 31

Muscular tissue - in the stomach it moves the stomach wall to churn ou the food.

Question 32

What does glandular tissue do and what is its purpose in the stomach?

Answer 32

It secrets chemicals like enzymes and hormones, in the stomach it produces digestive juices

Question 33

What tissue covers the outside and inside of the stomach ?

Answer 33

Epithelial tissue

Question 34

What organs are in the digestive system?

Answer 34

Pancreas, salivary glands, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Question 35

How does the digestive system exchange material with the environment ?

Answer 35

It takes in nutrients and releases substances such as bile

Question 36

What is the name if the tissue where photosynthesis occurs?

Answer 36

Mesophyll

Question 37

What do the xylem and phloem do?

Answer 37

Transports things like water, mineral ions and sucrose around the plants

Question 38

What tissue covers the whole plant?

Answer 38

Epidermal tissue

Question 39

What is the photosynthesis equation?

Answer 39

Carbon dioxide + water ---------> glucose + oxygen

Question 40

What is glucose to the plant?

Answer 40

Food

Question 41

What do chlorophyll do?

Answer 41

They absorb sunlight and uses its energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose. Oxygen is a by-product

Question 42

What three factors affect the rate of photosynthesis ?

Answer 42

Light, CO2 and temperature

Question 43

What experiment can you do to find the ideal conditions for photosynthesis ?

Answer 43

Using Canadian pondweed and different conditions, you can easily measure the amount of oxygen produced with a gas syringe. The more oxygen produced the faster the rate of photosynthesis

Question 44

Why does light affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 44

Light provides energy needed for photosynthesise and so without light photosynthesis can't happen

Question 45

If it's stopping photosynthesis what is it called?

Answer 45

Limiting factor

Question 46

What happens if you increase the light intensity and CO2 levels?

Answer 46

The rate of photosynthesis but only yo to certain point as they are no longer the limiting factor

Question 47

Why does the amount of CO2 affect the rate of photosynthesis ?

Answer 47

It is a raw material need for photosynthesis

Question 48

How can you test the affects of CO2 levels on photosynthesis?

Answer 48

Using different amounts of sodium a carbonate dissolved in water as in water in gives off CO2

Question 49

If the temperature is too low why is it a limiting factor?

Answer 49

If the temperature is too low then the enzymes work more slowly and so photosynthesis happens more slowly

Question 50

What happens to the rate of photosynthesis if the temperature is too high?

Answer 50

If a plant gets too hot the enzymes are damaged and stop working, enzymes are needed for photosynthesis

Question 51

What temperature are all the enzymes destroyed?

Answer 51

45c

Question 52

What do you use to artificially create the ideal conditions for farming?

Answer 52

Use a greenhouse

Question 53

Why do greenhouses increase the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 53

They trap the suns heat so that temperature isn't the limiting factor, at night they use artificial light as light is needed for photosynthesis, use a paraffin heater as it gives as a by-product of CO2 so CO2 isn't a limiting factor.

Question 54

What is another advantage if using a greenhouse?

Answer 54

Keeps the plants free from pest and disease.

Question 55

What are the five ways plants use glucose?

Answer 55

For respiration, making cell walls, making proteins, stored in seeds, stored as starch

Question 56

Why do plants use glucose in respiration?

Answer 56

In release energy which allows them to convert the glucose into various other useful substances

Question 57

What is glucose converted to to make cell walls?

Answer 57

Cellulose

Question 58

How is glucose changed in proteins?

Answer 58

Glucose is combined with nitrate ions in the soil to make amino acids, which are then made into proteins

Question 59

What is glucose stored as in seeds?

Answer 59

Lipids (fats and oils)

Question 60

Why is glucose stored as starch?

Answer 60

Starch is insoluble which makes it better than storing than glucose as glucose would draw in a lot of water and swell

Question 61

What are the two ways you can measure the distribution if organisms?

Answer 61

Transects and quadrats

Question 62

What is the place where an organism live called?

Answer 62

Habitat

Question 63

What is the distribution of an organism ?

Answer 63

Where an organism is found

Question 64

What are the five environmental factors that affect distribution?

Answer 64

Temperature, availability of water, nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide and the amount of light

Question 65

What's the difference between quadrats and transects?

Answer 65

A quadrat is a square frame enclosing a known area, a transects is when you use the quadrats to study distribution along a line

Question 66

How can you make the quadrats and transects more reliable?

Answer 66

Use a random sample or take a larger sample

Question 67

How are you results valid?

Answer 67

If they are reliable and answer the original question

Question 68

How would you make your results more valid?

Answer 68

Control all the variables so that you know that the difference in distribution is due to one environmental factor.