UNIT 3

Question 1

The spinal column is arranged for what

Answer 1

movement

Question 2

Bones that make up the spine is called

Answer 2

Vertebrae

Question 3

How many vertebrae are there in the spine

Answer 3

33

Question 4

What separates the vertabrae

Answer 4

Separated by an intervertebral disc

Question 5

3 main regions that makes up the vertebral column

Answer 5

1. Cervical (neck)
2. Thoracic (upper back)
3. Lumbar (lower back)

Question 6

The fused vertebrae form the tailbone are called what

Answer 6

Sacrum and Coccyx

Question 7

The spine is cable of the following

Answer 7

1. Flexion (forward bending)
2. Extension (backward bending)
3. Side bending
4. Rotation

Question 8

Spinal column’s important role

Answer 8

a. bearing loads

b. protecting the neck and back from injury

Question 9

The unique structure of the intervertebral discs is critical in what>

Answer 9

Distributing force and absorbing shock

Question 10

The bony structure of the spine bears loads and provides protection to the

Answer 10

spinal cord and spinal nerves

Question 11

Poor posture and poor body mechanics can damage what and what is its result?

Answer 11

a. discs and vertebrae

b. pain and disability

Question 12

Is part of an integrated system that provides stability to the spine.

Answer 12

The core

Question 13

The core includes

Answer 13

> musculature of the abdominals
> back extensors
> lateral trunk flexors
> diaphragm
> pelvic floor
>hips

Question 14

Few familiar muscles of the core innclues

Answer 14

> lumbar multifidus
transverses abdomens
internal oblique.

Question 15

What common anatomical trait does the muscles of the core share

Answer 15

a. location
b. attachment to either
>spine
>pelvis
>rib cage

Question 16

What is the three-dimensional cylinder consists of?

Answer 16

a. lumbar
b. spine
c. pelvis
d. hips

Question 17

Muscles of the core are classified into

Answer 17

1. Mobilizer

2. Stabilizer

Question 18

Muscles that are more superficial and contract

concentrically to produce trunk movements.

Answer 18

Mobilizers

Question 19

Muscles that are more deeply located and contract isometrically or eccentrically to stabilize the trunk during arm and leg movements.

Answer 19

Stabilizers

Question 20

Stabilizer group is divided into two categories

Answer 20

1. Local

2. Global

Question 21

How are the categories of stabilizer group distingued?

Answer 21

Difference in anatomy and function

Question 22

It provide stiffness and stability to the spine.

Answer 22

Local group stabilizer

Question 23

Local group stabilizer include muscles that posses

Answer 23

> a small cross-sectional area
deeply located
span just one or to vertebral levels at a time

Question 24

The local group stabilizer provide

Answer 24

a. local spinal support
b. control motion between adjacent vertebrae
c. increase intra-abdominal pressure
d. provide proprioceptive input to the body to avoid injury.

Question 25

What is the most notable example of a local core stabilizer

Answer 25

Lumbar multifidus

Question 26

Its function to produce trunk motion as well as trunk stability based on their attachments to the pelvis.

Answer 26

Global core stabilizers

Question 27

Global core stabilizers' muscles tend to have what?

Answer 27

> a larger cross-sectional area > are more superficially located > often span multiple vertebral levels > possess attachments to the pelvis, rib cage, and/or thoracic spine

Question 28

Example of the global core stabilizer?

Answer 28

a. rectus abdomens b. external oblique c. quadrates lumborum d. erector spinae

Question 29

Factors causes of back and neck pain

Answer 29

1. Poor posture 2. Questionable exercise 3. Musculoskeletal injuries 4. Degenerative changes > discs, vertebrae, joint surfaces, muscles, or ligaments 5. Depression 6. Cancer 7. Infections 8. Visceral disease (kidney, pelvic organs) 9. Functional or structural disorders 10. Inherited

Question 30

How to reduce risk of back pain

Answer 30

Reduce risk factors

Question 31

What are the modifiable risk factors?

Answer 31

a. regular heavy labor b. use of vibrational tools c. routines of prolonged sitting d. smoking e. hypo-kinetic lifestyle f. coronary artery disease g. obesity

Question 32

What are the non-modifiable risk factors?

Answer 32

a. family history of joint disease b. age c. congenital anomalies d. direct trauma

Question 33

What other factors contribute to back pain?

Answer 33

nervous system and various paint-sensitive structures

Question 34

Back pain can result from?

Answer 34

1. Direct Causes | 2. Indirect Causes