Unit 3 Flashcards
(14 cards)
What are carbohydrates used for in your body? 
Carbohydrates are a source of energy and a structural component of your body.
What are some major sources of carbohydrates?
There are three major types Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Some major sources are starches, and glycogen.
What are the five monosaccharides that are important to the body?
Two pentose sugars, ribose and deoxyribose. And three hexose sugars, glucose, fructose, galactose
What are the three disaccharides that are important in the body?
Sucrose table sugar, lactose milk sugar, maltose malt sugar.
What are the three polysaccharides that are important to the body?
Starches, glycogen, cellulose
What is a starch?
A polysaccharide. A polymer of glucose, stored in plant-based foods and easy to digest. Occurs in long chains called amylose.
What is glycogen?
A polysaccharide, polymer of glucose. Stored in tissues of animals especially muscle and liver. Human body store excess glucose as glycogen in muscles and liver.
What is cellulose?
It’s a fiber, a polysaccharide made of glucose. The primary component of the cell wall of green plants. In human cellulose/fiber is not digestable. Dietary fibre has been health benefits.
What are pentose sugars?
Five atoms of carbon. Are critical structural components of ATP and nucleotides that make up RNA and DNA.
What are the three major lipids?
Triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids.
Describe a triglyceride
Glycerol + (fatty acid)3
Form via dehydration synthesis
Major fuel source for the body, used when glucose storages are low or during extended fasting conditions
Structure of a phospholipid
Glycerol + (fatty acid)2
Phospholipid Byler heads facing out has a polar hydrophilic head and nonpolar hydrophobic tails
Structure of a steroid
Set of four hydrocarbon rings
What is bile salts?
Produced by liver, helps process lipids you ingest.
