Unit 3

Question 1

Atomic number

Answer 1

number of protons

Question 2

mass number

Answer 2

number of protons + neutrons

Question 3

letter for Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen.

Answer 3

C H O N

Question 4

letter for Calcium

Answer 4

Ca

Question 5

letter for phosphorus

Answer 5

P

Question 6

letter for Potassium

Answer 6

K

Question 7

letter for sulfur

Answer 7

S

Question 8

letter for sodium

Answer 8

Na

Question 9

letter for Chlorine

Answer 9

Cl

Question 10

letter for magnesium

Answer 10

Mg

Question 11

letter for Iodin

Answer 11

I

Question 12

letter for iron

Answer 12

Fe

Question 13

describe an atom

Answer 13

basic unit of matter
nucleus contains protons and neutrons.
outer region holds electrons in orbit.

Question 14

same element (same number of protons), but different number of neutrons.

Answer 14

isotope

Question 15

Maximum electrons per shell
shell 1
shell 2
shell 3

Answer 15

shell 1 = 2 electrons
shell 2 = 8 electrons
shell 3 = 18 electrons

Question 16

outermost shell with electrons in idealized state.

Answer 16

Valence shell

Question 17

Electron pair shared between the valence shells of two atoms.

Answer 17

covalent bond

Question 18

electrons not shared equally, causing partial charges

Answer 18

polar covalent bond

Question 19

Electrons shared equally

Answer 19

nonpolar covalent bond

Question 20

attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound

Answer 20

Ionic Bond

Question 21

weak bond between slightly positively charged hydrogen atoms and slightly negatively charged atoms in other molecules

Answer 21

Hydrogen bond

Question 22

molecular formula

Answer 22

shows how many of each atom are present.

Question 23

electronegativity

Answer 23

tendency of an atom or functional group to attract electrons.

Question 24

ion

Answer 24

atom gains or loses one or more electrons and becomes charged.

Question 25

positive ions that form by losing an electron

Answer 25

Cation

Question 26

Negative ions form by gaining electrons

Answer 26

anion

Question 27

occur whenever chemical bonds are formed, rearranged, or broken.

Answer 27

Chemical reaction

Question 28

________ is the substance that takes part in change during a reaction. the _______ is formed from the chemical reaction.

Answer 28

reactant and product

Question 29

chemical reaction between the reactants stay in a stable state before and after the reaction.

Answer 29

equilibrium

Question 30

a mixture where solutes are dissolved into a solvent

Answer 30

solution

Question 31

how much solution is dissolved per unit of solvent or solution. • Usually symbolized with brackets

Answer 31

concentration

Question 32

Molarity

Answer 32

moles of solute/liters of solution.

Question 33

increase [H+] by donating H+ to the solution

Answer 33

acid

Question 34

decreases [H+] by removing H+ from the solution

Answer 34

base

Question 35

index of the amount of H+ in solution

Answer 35

pH

Question 36

maintain relatively stable pH by absorbing and releasing H+

Answer 36

buffer

Question 37

Hydroxyl group compound name

Answer 37

alcohol

Question 38

carbonyl group compound name

Answer 38

Ketone Aldehyde

Question 39

carboxyl group compound name

Answer 39

carboxylic acid, or organic acid

Question 40

Amino group compound name

Answer 40

Amine

Question 41

Sulfhydryl group compound name

Answer 41

Thiol

Question 42

Phosphate group compound name

Answer 42

Organic Phosphate

Question 43

Methyl group compound name

Answer 43

Methylated Compound

Question 44

• contain C or H • formed in biological systems.

Answer 44

organic molecules

Question 45

Organic macromolecules

Answer 45

o Carbohydrates o Lipids o Proteins o Nucleic acid

Question 46

Basic unit of an organic molecule

Answer 46

monomer

Question 47

many attached monomers

Answer 47

polymer

Question 48

combining two molecules by removing a water molecule

Answer 48

dehydration reaction

Question 49

breaking down a larger molecule by adding water

Answer 49

hydrolysis

Question 50

Provide energy for cell activities, Energy transportation and storage (short-term), are hydrophilic

Answer 50

carbohydrates

Question 51

simplest unit (monomer) of carbohydrate

Answer 51

monosaccharide

Question 52

Polysaccharide

Answer 52

many monosaccharides

Question 53

main sugar found in your blood.

Answer 53

glucose

Question 54

important for Energy storage (especially long-term) Important component of cell membranes hydrophobic

Answer 54

lipids

Question 55

made up of amino acids, main molecules that carry out cell functions.

Answer 55

proteins

Question 56

carbon with four bonds: o Hydrogen o Amine (NH2) o Carboxyl (COOH

Answer 56

amino acids

Question 57

Energy currency within cells, Stores energy in bonds between phosphate groups.

Answer 57

ATP

Question 58

Chemical reaction where energy is released.

Answer 58

Exergonic Reaction

Question 59

Chemical reaction where energy is absorbed.

Answer 59

Endergonic reaction

Question 60

Dehydration reactions between amino acids

Answer 60

Peptide bonds

Question 61

Pick any element. how many valence electrons? what is its charge?

Answer 61

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